EAPP Flashcards by Kuoki Takaaki

is a form of communication that is shaped by the following factors such as topic, role, audience and purpose.

WRITING

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TEXT TYPES:

Academic Texts
Non-Academic Texts

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ACADEMIC TEXTS:

reviews
concept papers
position papers
reports
research papers
journal
articles

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NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS:

news articles
feature articles
editorials
creative essays
poems
advertisements

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a process that starts with posing a question, problematizing a concept, evaluating an opinion, and ends in answering the question or questions posed, clarifying the problem, and/or arguing for a stand.

ACADEMIC WRITING

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reflects your dignified stance in your writing as a member of the academic community.

FORMALITY

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writing must be impersonal and maintain a certain level of social distance.

OBJECTIVITY

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academic writing demands the use of signposts that allow readers to trace the relationship in the parts of the study.

EXPLICITNESS

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defined as copying verbatim language and ideas of other writers and taking credit from them. A serious form of academic dishonesty and if frowned upon the academe.

PLAGIARISM

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occurs when credit for a work is ascribed to oneself untruthfully.

Plagiarism of Ideas

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happens when an author uses the language of another writer and claims it as his/her own.

Plagiarism of Language

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is word-for-word copying and citing the source.

Word-for-word from a source

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is when the writer simply cites the author but copies the whole text verbatim.

Word-for-word plagiarism of a text

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occurs when ideas from the source are mixed with interpretations of the writer, creating patches of text where ownership of ideas is unclear.

Patchwork Plagiarism

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to lift text and enclose them in quotation marks.

Using Direct Quotation

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a short restatement of a text and “representing the ideas of the writer in a more condensed form, using mostly your own words” (Henderson, 2015, p. 87)

Summarizing

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a restatement in your own words of the main idea and supporting details of the text.

Paraphrasing

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may be done to insert notes within the directly quoted passage to help readers understand the context of the statement. Interpolation is marked by open and closed brackets.

Interpolation

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is reading something with a determination to understand and evaluate the reading material for its relevance to your needs. This also refers to “learning a text’s value”.

active reading.

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the overall idea or argument of your work.
a general statement that presents essential points that lead the reader to the right direction.
it should be focused and succinct.
it should have at least two supporting ideas.
the main idea of an essay
contains at least two supporting points which are developed in succeeding paragraphs.
formed a declarative statement.
has clear boundaries.

THESIS STATEMENT

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serves as the main idea of a paragraph.
usually has just one supporting point

TOPIC SENTENCE

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reveals the text’s structure or the order by which the ideas appear in a text.
the reader ought to know why the writer decided on a specific structure.
ask how or in what manner or form the ideas fit into the hole and how one is related to another.

READING OUTLINE

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TWO TYPES OF OUTLINES ACCORDING TO VALDEZ (2016)

Traditional Format
Standard Format

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THREE TYPES OF OUTLINES ACCORDING TO REBONQUIN (2021)

Paragraph Outline
Formal Topic Outline
Informal Outline

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entries should observe the same language structure (e.g., words, phrases, sentences)

Parallelism

entries should observe the levels of importance.

Coordination

entries should observe differences of importance (which ideas should be classified as minor or major ideas?)

Subordination

entries should at least be two to be sure that supporting points of a major idea are adequate. Like thesis statements and outlines, writing essays requires preparatory steps. An essay is similar to research in that it requires planning and execution.

Division

is an abstract idea; general notion; a plan or intention; and a conception

CONCEPT

defines an idea or concept and explains its essence in order to clarify the “whatness” of that idea or concept. starts with definition, either formal or informal, of the term or the concept and proceeds with an expanded definition and analytic description of the aspects of the concept.

CONCEPT PAPER

from numerous academic articles

THEORY

from day-to-day observation

EXPERIENCE

examines real-life phenomena.

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

produce a theory from bits and pieces of information.

INDUCTIVE REASONING

clarifies the meaning of a concept, and it also limits the scope of that particular word or concept.

DEFINITION

defines concepts in the most factual way.

Scientific

defines objects in a personal way.

Subjective

most common technique in which you are given a term to be defined and you define the term by giving class where the word/term belongs (genus) and the characteristics that distinguish the term from other terms, known as the differentia.

Formal

are essay length texts that use different rhetorical patterns to show the meaning of a particular concept or term and uses to describe, compare and contrast, and show cause-and-effect relationships to provide the reader a holistic definition of a term.

Extended

defining the term by its origin e.g.: Communication was derived from the Latin term ‘communicare’ which means ‘to share’ and later evolved into ‘communicatio’ which is the basis of the old English term “Communication.”

DEFINITION BY ETYMOLOGY

defining the term by using its opposites e.g.: Unlike plant cells, animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes.

DEFINITION BY CONTRAST

defining the term by giving examples e.g.: Camaraderie - The SSSC exhibits strong camaraderie as they face challenges in organizing school events.

DEFINITION BY EXAMPLE

defining the term by using similar word or phrase to define a word e.g.: To feel ecstatic is to be overwhelmed with happiness.

DEFINITION BY SYNONYM

defining the term by stating what the term is for e.g.: CFC or Chlorofluorocarbon is one of the chemical elements present in aerosols which causes harmful effects to the ozone layer.

DEFINITION BY FUNCTION

defining the term by comparing the term to another object/concept/idea that shares the same characteristics as the term being defined e.g.: Creative Nonfiction uses creative language while Nonfiction retains the use of formal language.

DEFINITION BY ANALOGY

defining the term by stating what it is not e.g.: Challenges only give us depression, stress and reasons to give up.

DEFINITION BY NEGATION

defining the term by narrating incidents and uses specific examples e.g.: Contemporary arts include performance plays, interpretative contemporary dance and digital painting.

DEFINITION BY ILLUSTRATION

defining the term by using concepts that are similar or having resemblance with each other e.g.: Moissanites or white sapphires can be an alternative to diamonds.

DEFINITION BY LIKENESS OR SIMILARITY

When writing your introduction, make sure that you refer to your thesis statement and outline. include citations and use appropriate note-taking techniques. should establish the topic with a strong opening that grabs the reader's attention.

INTRODUCTION

the main event of writing a text. the largest part of a research paper; in it you collect and arrange evidence that will persuade the reader of your argument.

BODY

intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper.

CONCLUSION

are papers made of important rhetorical patterns in academic writing as they present a balanced view of things. It provides background information for the readers including the central ideas of the book, the concept, the event, or the movie to be critiqued.

CRITIQUES

The first part should provide readers a sense of the ideas you want to tackle. The next part should provide a summary of the concept. strength and weaknesses should be part of the critique. The final section of the critique should include the final recommendations of the author.

ORGANIZING CRITIQUES

to pass judgment on a certain food, film, restaurant, and product. to put oneself in the shoes of the consumer.

REVIEW

MAJOR PARTS OF A REVIEW

brief summary of the event book concept object being critiqued.

specific descriptions central features of the topic provide informed insights on these features (thesis statement)

OVERVIEW

should summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the subject to be critiqued. includes points for readers to consider before reading the book, watching the film, attending the event, or purchasing the item.

FINAL SECTION

must be backed up with sources to strengthen your claims. a negative appraisal must be expressed with tact.

RECOMMENDATIONS

used to communicate and socialize.

LANGUAGE

refers to how a text is written. describes the writer’s word choice.

STYLE

e.g. (Santos, 2018)

PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

e.g., According to Santos, 2018…

NARRATIVE IN-TEXT CITATIONS

to tone down the involvement of the doer of the action e.g., ‘They are loved.’

THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW/PASSIVE VOICE

to give importance to the author’s insights e.g., using the pronouns “I” or “we”

FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW