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G11 > EALS > Flashcards

EALS Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR A PLANET TO BECOME HABITABLE?

A

RIGHT TEMPERATURE, ATMOSPHERE, ENERGY TO RUN LIFE PROCESS, NUTRIENTS, WATER,

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2
Q

What makes the Earth unique for it to become habitable?

A

THE PRESENCE OF LIQUID WATER, AVAILABLE HEAT SOURCE, SYSTEM OF PLATE TECTONICS, ATMOSPHEREONLY MOON

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3
Q

 Influences how fast atoms and molecules move

A

RIGHT TEMPERATURE

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4
Q

FOUR SUBSYSTEMS OF EARTH

A

ATMOSPEHER. GEOSPHER, BIOSPHERE,HYDROSPHERE

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5
Q

oragnisms usually light or chemical energy to live and survive.

A

ENERGY TO RUN LIFE PROCESS

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6
Q

It traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for life such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

A

ATMOSPHERE

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7
Q

Used to build and maintain the body of an organism-

A

NUTRIENTS

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8
Q

 Allows the molecules to interact with each other and carry out the reactions necessary for life

A

WATER

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9
Q

-Zone of Earth where all forms of life exist: in the air, on land, and in water.
-Sometimes called the large ecosystem.
-Very thin layer of the Earth’s surface

A

BIOSPHERE

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10
Q

acts as both a blanket and a filter, retaining heat at night and shielding from direct solar radiation during the day
-Supports life because animals need oxygen, and plants need both carbon dioxide and oxygen
-Supports life indirectly by regulating climate

A

ATMOSPHERE

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11
Q

-The solid Earth, consisting of the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust
- It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth

A

GEOSPHERE

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11
Q

-Circulates among oceans, continents, glaciers, and atmosphere
-Oceans cover 71% of the Earth and contain 97.5% of its water

A

HYDROSPHERE

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12
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO HEAT SOURCE?

A

EXTERNAL SOURCE -SUN
INTERNAL SOURCE - RADIOGENIC HEAT

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13
Q

2 HEAT SOURCE 1 EX- GIVES ENOUGH HEAT TO SUSTAIN LIFE, 2. RG - RADIO DEACY MATERIAL

A

AVAILABLE HEAT SOURCE

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14
Q

KNOWN AS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT WHICH IS CAPABLE
-70%

A

PRESENCE OF LIQUID WATER

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15
Q

CAN BLOCK SOME OF THE DANGEROUS RAY

A

ATMOSPHERWE

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16
Q

THESE PLATES COVBER THE ENTIRE EARTH
PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN GEOLOGIC EVENTS
ENABLES RECYCLING MOLECULES

A

SYMSTEM OF PLATE TECTONIC

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17
Q

STABILIZING EFFECT ON THE PLANETARY ROTATIONS AND PREVENTS THE POLES AN UNEXPECTED SHIFTING

A

ONLYMOON

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18
Q

LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

A

EXOSPHERE, THERNMOSPHERE, MESOSPHERE,STRATOSPHERE, TROPOSPHERE

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18
Q

EXTENDS TO 50 TO 85 KM. IT PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM THE IMPACT OF`SPACE DEBRIS O METEORITE

A

MESOSPHERE

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19
Q

85 TO 600 KM. THE PARTICLES CREATE AURORA``

A

THERMOSPHERE

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20
Q

FARTHEST LAYER

A

EXOXSPHERE

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21
Q

14.5 KM
LOWESAT LAYER

A

TROPOSPHERE

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22
Q

14.5 TO 50
THE OZONE LAYAER THAT6 PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM THE RAY

A

STRATOSPHERE

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23
Q

MINERALS MUST BE?

A

NATURALLY - OCCURING, INORGANIC, SOLID, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, DEFINTE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

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24
Q

IT MUST BE OCCUR NATURALLY AND NOT MANUFACTURED BY HUMAN

A

NATURALLY OCCURING

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25
Q

MINERALS CANNOT ARISE FROM MATERIALS TAHT WERE ONCE PART OF A LIVING THINGS

A

INORGANIC

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26
Q

THE PARTIUCLES IN MINERALS LINE UP IN A PATTERN THAT REPEATS PERIODICALLY

A

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

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26
Q

WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES?

A

COLORS, DENSITY, STREAK, LUSTER, HARDNESS, CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE, CRYSTAL HABIT, TEANACITY.

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27
Q

WHAT ARE THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

A

SOLUBILITY, melting point

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27
Q

WITH DEFINITE VOLUME AND SHAPE IN ORDER FOR IT TO MEET THE OTHER CHARAACTERISTICS EHICH IS CRYSTSAL STRUCTURE

A

SOLID

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28
Q

MINERALS CONTAIN CERTAIN ELEMENTS IN DEFINITE POSITION

A

DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION`

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29
Q

It is easily observed physical property but also less
reliable since it can only be used to identify those
few minerals that always have their own
characteristics color

A

COLOR

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29
Q

No matter what size of a mineral sample, tdensity of that mineral always remains the same

A

DENSITY

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30
Q

The color of the mineral in its powdered form

A

: STREAK

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31
Q

HOW THE MINERAL REFLECT LIGHTS FROM ITS SURFACE.

A

LUSTER

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32
Q

ABILITY TO RESIST BEING SCRATCHED

A

HARDNESS

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33
Q

WHO INVENTED MOHS SCALE?

A

FRIEDRICH MOHS

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33
Q

A mineral can scratch any mineral softer than
itself, but will be scratched by any mineral that is
hardeR

A

HARDNESS

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34
Q

mineral has the tendency to be split or
broken along flat surfaces, it has the property
called

A

cleavage

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35
Q

the texture or shape of the
mineral’s surface when the mineral breaks into
irregular way

A

Fracture

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36
Q

-growth crystal pattern of a mineral as
single or aggregated
-It is the natural shape of the mineral before the
development of any cleavage or fracture

A

CRYSTAL
HABIT

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37
Q

It is how well a mineral resists breakage

A

TENACITY

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38
Q

Mineral can be modified in shape
without breaking and can be flattened to a thin
sheet (copper, gold)

A

Malleable

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39
Q

Mineral can be cut with a knife into thin
shavings (talc).

A

Sectile

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40
Q

Mineral bends but does not regain its
shape once release (selenite, gypsum).

A

Flexible

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41
Q

Mineral bends and regains its original
shape when released (muscovite and biotite mica).

A

Elastic-

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42
Q

t refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a
solvent at a specified temperature

A

SOLUBILITY

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43
Q

refers to the temperature at which solid turns into
liquid

A

MELTING
POINT

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44
Q

Objects are visible when viewed
through a mineral

A

Transparency

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45
Q

Light, but not an image, is
transmitted through a mineral

A

Translucency-

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46
Q

No light is transmitted, even on the
thinnest edges.

A

Opaqueness-

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47
Q

It can be used to help identify some
minerals, such as halite (salt)

A

Taste-

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48
Q
  • Object reacts to hydrochloric acid.
A

Acid reaction

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49
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

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50
Q

A type of rock that forms from
the cooling and hardening of
magma or lava

A

igneous

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51
Q

A type of rock that forms from
the cooling and hardening of
magma or lava

A

igneous

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52
Q

what are the two types of igneous

A

intrusive and extrusive

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53
Q

-formed on the surface of the
Earth
- They
are fine-grained due to abrupt
cooling on the surface fast rate of
cooling/crystallization is due to
huge variance in the temperature

A

Extrusive or Volcanic Rocks

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54
Q

from solidified
magma underneath the earth
- are coarse-grained due to the
slow cooling of magma

A

Intrusive rocks or Plutonic Rocks

55
Q

WHERE IGNEOUS ROCKS FORM?

A

NEAR OR BELOW AN ACTIVE VOLCANO

55
Q

These are rocks that formed through the
accumulation, compaction, and cementation of
sediments. They generally form at surface or near
surface conditions.

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

56
Q

Sedimentary Processes at or near the surface of the
Earth include:

A

weathering of rocks, sediment
transport and deposition, compaction and
cementation

57
Q

Igneous rocks are also classified according to silica content

A

felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic

58
Q

also called granitic; >65%
silica, generally lightcolored

A

FELSIC

59
Q

also called andesitic; 55-65%
silica; generally medium colored
(medium gray)

A

INTERMEDIATE

60
Q

also called basaltic; 45-55%
silica; generally dark
colored

A

MAFIC

61
Q

<45% silica; generally, very dark
colored; composed mainly of olivine
and pyroxene which are the major
constituents of the upper mantle

A

ULTRAMAFIC

62
Q

Sedimentary rocks are further classified as:

A

CLASTIC & NON-CLASTIC

63
Q

breaking of rocks(sediments)

A

Weathering of rocks

64
Q

sediment transport

A

erosion

65
Q

deposited in the final destination

A

deposition

66
Q

made up of sediments from
preexisting rocks.

A

CLASTIC

67
Q

can be biological, chemical, or a
combination of both.
- Biological sedimentary rocks are
lithified accumulation of dead
organisms.

A

NON CLASTIC

68
Q

HOW DOES SEDIMENTARY
ROCK FORMS?

A

FORMED BY COMPACTION AND
CEMENTATION OF SEDIMENTS

68
Q

Chemical sedimentary rocks are
from chemical precipitation.

A
69
Q

These are rocks that form from the
transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks) through the
process of metamorphism.

A

METAMORPHIC ROCK

70
Q

can involve changes in the physical
and chemical properties of rocks in response to
heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.

A

Metamorphism

70
Q

Metamorphic rocks are further classified as

A

FOLIATED & NON-FOLIATED

71
Q

have layered or banded
appearance produced by regional
metamorphism, exposure to high
temperatures and pressures.

A

foliaTED

72
Q

ex of foliated

A

slate, phyllite,
schist, and gneiss.

73
Q

do not have layered appearance
and was formed that have
undergone contact metamorphism
where rocks are not exposed to the
intense pressure that is found
deeper within Earth

A

NON-FOLIATED

74
Q

ex of non foliated

A

marble, quartzite,
and anthracite

75
Q

The process to form
metamorphic rock

A

METAmorphism

76
Q

What are the main facrots of metamorphism?

A

heat, pressure, and chemically active fluid

77
Q

What are the factorsa of regional metamorphism?

A

heat and pressure

78
Q

what are the two types of metamorpohic>?

A

REGIONAL AND CONTACT

79
Q

a type of metamorphism
where rock minerals and
texture are changed, mainly
by heat, due to contact with
magma.

A

conact metamorphism<

80
Q

it provides the energy to drive the
chemical changes which results in
the recrystallization or minerals.
The heat increases as the depth
increases

A

HEAT

81
Q

Enhance the metamorphic
process the common fluid
which helps the chemical activity is
water containing ions in solution.

A

chemically fluid

82
Q

rocks do not
actually melt. They become more
dense, more compact

A

metamorphism

83
Q

what are the three layers of eart?

A

crust, mantle & core

84
Q

Is the outermost layer
of Earth
Less dense of all the
layers (lightest layer)

A

CRUST

85
Q

very dense, made of baslt

A

oceanic

86
Q

less dense, made of granite

A

continental

87
Q

Located below the crust
* It is the largest layer
Density increases with
depth to increase in
pressure

A

MANTLE

88
Q

2 partas of mantle?

A

upper mantle & lower

89
Q

sublayersa of mantle

A

lithosphere, asthenoshpere,

90
Q

crunchy” layer of the
earth
- It includes the crust
and the very
uppermost part of the
upper Mantle

A

lithosphere

91
Q

soft: can bend like the
plastic, layer in the upper
portion of the mantle
- It is located right below the
lithosphere and
lithosphere floats on this
layer (like gelatin)

A

asthenosphere

92
Q

the energy released
when the unstable atoms decay

A

RADIOGENIC

92
Q

Hottest layer
* Located below mantle

A

CORE

92
Q

2 LAYERS OF CORE?

A

OUTER AND INNER CORE

92
Q

CAUSES ROCKS TO BE PULLED APART TAHT RESULT TO LENGTHENING AND BREAK APART

A

TENSIONAL

93
Q
  • Is liquid and is made up
    of mostly iron (easily
    magnetized)
  • The movement of
    materials in the liquid
    outer core is inferred to
    be the cause of Earth’s
    magnetic fielD
A

OUTERCORE

93
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 heat of Earth’s interior ?

A

PRIMORDIAL HEAT & RADIOGENIC HEAT

94
Q

Is the center of the
Earth
* It’s solid iron and nickel.
Most dense layer
(heaviest)
* The increased pressure
causes it to be solid

A

INNER CORE

94
Q

WHAT IS THE MAJOR HEAT OF EARTHS HEAT?

A

RADIOGENIC

95
Q

FORCES SLIDE PASS TO EACH OTHER

A

SHEAR

95
Q
  • These include the heat gained in the
    objects that accreted to form Earth, and
    the heat produced when they collided.
    heat is stored in core
A

PRIMODIAL HAT

95
Q

Major heat source
- thermal energy released as a result of
spontaneous nuclear disintegration of
radioactive decay of isotopes, particularly
U-238, Th-232, K-40.

A

RADIOGENIC HEAT

95
Q

WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF THE U, TH , AND K IN RAGIOGENIC>

A

U-238, Th-232, K-40.

95
Q

The process of heat
exchange between
the Sun and the
Earth

A

RADIATION

95
Q

The heat flows inside
the Earth is because of
the?

A

conduction, convection,
and radiation.

95
Q

-thermal vibrations that every
atom is physically bonded to its
neighbors in some way.
-This is
what happens to the transferring of
heat from core to the mantle.

A

CONDUCTION

95
Q

Dominates the thermal
conditions in the zones
where large quantities of
fluids (molten rocks) exist

A

CONVECTION

96
Q
  • Earth’s geothermal gradient is
A

15° to 30°C/km within the crust

96
Q

Occurs at the mantle but not between
the asthenosphere and lithosphere

A

CONVECTION`

96
Q

A type of stress that TAKES PLACE WHEN A ROCK O SEDIMENTS IS BURIED AND ACTS AS UNIFORMLY

A

CONFINING STRESS

96
Q

TYPES OF DIRECTED STRESS

A

TENSIONAL, COMPRESSIONAL, SHEAR STRESS

96
Q

discernible displacement where rocks grind past to eac other

A

faults

96
Q

types of stress

A

CONFINING & DIRECTED STRESS

96
Q

Governs the thermal
conditions in almost
entire solid portions
of the Earth

A

CONDUCTION

97
Q

force exerted on a object.

A

STREESSSSSS

97
Q

ONLEY ACTS IN ONE DIRECTION

A

directed stress

97
Q

types of folds

A

monoline, anticline, syncline

97
Q

DIFF TYPES OF STRESS CAN CAUXSE THEM TO DEFORM

A

ROCK DEFORMATION

98
Q

causes rocks to FOLD OR FRACTURE it SQUEEZES 2geteher

A

COMPRESSIONAL

98
Q

TYPS OF DEFOREMATION

A

ELASTIC, DUCTILE, BRITTLE,

98
Q

types iof faults

A

normal faults, reverse fault, strike-slip, oblique

98
Q

WAVE LIKE RIPPLES OR BENDS DURING MOUNTAIN BLDG

A

FOLDS

98
Q

two plates move away resulting in the rising magma
-may form continental rifts

A

divergent

98
Q

aka fault bound
- slide horizontally to eachj other

A

transform plate boundaries

98
Q

move toward each other

A

convergent

99
Q

also known as
derivatives rock, maybe fragmental
or crystalline. These rocks are
products of sedimentary processes.
These are made of visible layers of
sediments. The formation on rock
layers depend on its stratigraphy
and stratification

A

Stratified rocks

100
Q

It is the study of the rock
layers(strata). It will give you clues to the
location of ancient seas, mountains, plateaus and
plains

A

STRATIGRAPHY

101
Q

It is the branch of geology that deals with the
description, correlation, and interpretation of
stratified sediments and stratified rocks on and
within the Earth

A

STRATIGRAPHY

101
Q

The largest and heaviest rock layer
that settled first at the bottom is the
oldest rock layer. The lightest and
smallest that settled last is the
youngest rock layer

A

LAW OF SUPERPOSITION

102
Q

It is also known as bedding, , which is the layering
that happens in sedimentary and igneous rocks
formed at the surface of the Earth that comes
from lava flows or other volcanic activity. It is
expressed by rock layers (units) of a general
tabular or lenticular form that differ in rock type

A

STRATIFICATION

103
Q

A rock mass that contains pieces of
rocks called inclusions are younger
than the other rock masses

A

LAW OF INCLUSION

103
Q

Rock layers that are formed without
interruptions are conformable.
Describes a layer of rock that has
been deformed or eroded before
another layer is deposited, resulting
in rock layer mismatching.

A

LAW OF UNCONFORMITIES

104
Q

THREE TYPES OF UNCONFORMITIES

A

DISCONFORMITY, ANGULAR UNCONFORMITY, NON-CONFORMITY

104
Q

It originates from horizontal sedimentary rock layers that are lifted
and the top layers eroded. New sediments are deposited when they
are submerged beneath freshwater or saltwater

A
105
Q
A
105
Q
A
105
Q
A
105
Q
A
106
Q
A

G11 (8 decks)

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