Each approach in basic form Flashcards
1
Q
Wundt (1)
A
- 1st psy lab in Germany in 1879
- Introspection
- Structuralism
- Performed a study on himself and co-workers = recording thoughts due to a stimuli
- Marked separation of philosophy and psychology
2
Q
Psychodynamic approach (2)
A
- Iceberg metaphor
- Proposes that the unconscious is made up of the ID, ego, superego= it is then constructed by the passage through psychosexual stages of development
- Unconscious conflicts are mediated with defence mechanisms
- Freud
3
Q
Behaviourist approach (3)
A
- Assumes that humans are no different to animals, and shouldn’t be seen as more complex
- Research on animal behaviour is relevant to humans
- Classical conditioning= Pavlov
- Operant conditioning= Skinner
4
Q
Humanistic approach (4)
A
- Focuses on what it means to be fully human
- Holistic
- Free will
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs= Self-actualisation
- Rogers= congruence, rogerian therapy
5
Q
Cognitive approach (5)
A
- Focuses on the examination of internal mental processes such as memory
- Internal mental processes= operations that occur during thinking
- Concepts that can’t be directly observed so uses inferences
- Theoretical models eg multi-store model
- Computer models- basis of research
- Schema
6
Q
Social Learning Theory (6)
A
- Learning occurs through observation and imitation of role models
- Recognises importance of cognitive processes
- Rejects the idea that learning is purely the outcome of a stimulus-response loop
- Bandura and Walters= bobo doll
- 4 mediational processes= attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Role model
7
Q
Biological approach (7)
A
- Assumes all human behaviour has a biological origin
- Twin studies
- Genotype
- Phenotype
- Evolution
- Neurochemistry/ nervous system= synaptic transmission
8
Q
Cognitive neuroscience (8)
A
- bridges gap between biological and cognitive approaches
- Resulted from different brain scanning techniques
- PET and MRIs
