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E7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of strep pneumoniae?

A

Gram -, catalase -, chain, pollysaccharide capsule, alpha hemolytic, latex agglutination, susceptible to optochin and bile

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2
Q

What are the buzzwords for strep pneumoniae?

A
  • bacteremia in elderly and very young
  • pneumolysin and IgA
  • acute onset with high mortality and neurological sequelae in survivors
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3
Q

What are the treatments for strep pneumoniae?

A

Vancomycin w/ cephalosporin

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4
Q

What is the vaccine for strep pneumoniae?

A

Polysaccaride capsule conjugated to nontoxoid diptheria toxin (13 serotypes)

  • highly immunogenic
  • dose at 2, 4,6 mo and booster 12-15mo
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of neisseria meningitidis?

A

gram -, diplococci, polysaccharide capsule, oxidase +, catalase +, oxidizes glucose and maltose

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6
Q

What are the buzzwords for neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • severe bacteremic infection
  • peaks in <1yr and 15-24yr
  • inc 3-4day w/ abrupt fever, hypotension, and rash
  • 5 serotypes: C, B, Y, W-135, A
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7
Q

What is the treatment for neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • penicillin if known

- prophylactic of close

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8
Q

What is the vaccine for neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • MPV/MPV4: adults over 55
  • MCV4: conjugated to nontoxic diptheria toxin,routine 11-55, 1-55 for high risk
  • SeroB: in adolescents and high risk
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of streptococcus agalactiae?

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, beta-hemolytic,

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10
Q

What are the buzzwords for streptococcus agalactiae?

A
  • <2mo and african american
  • Ab opsonization is protective
  • Risk: maternal infection, prolonged rupture, previous infant with GBS, low Ab
  • early = bacteremia, late = same with meningitis
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11
Q

What is the treatment for streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Penicillin

-screen at 35-36 wk pregnancy intrapartum penicillin

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Haemophilus Influenzae B?

A

gram - rod, polysaccharide capsule, encapsulated, latex agglutination

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13
Q

What are the buzzwords for H influenzae type b?

A
  • non-encapsualted: pinkeye otitis media, sinusitis

- encapsulataed: meningitis, epiglottitis

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14
Q

What is the treatment for H influenza type B?

A

Penicillin

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15
Q

What is the vaccine for H influenza type B?

A

Conjugated vaccine with anti-PrP Ab

-highly immunogenic, given at 2 mo

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Clostridium tetani?

A

gram + rod, anaerobe, spore forming

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17
Q

What are the buzzwords for clostridium tetani?

A
  • neurotoxin = tetanospasm
  • entry = spores in wound/trauma, umbilical stump
  • AB toxin = internalized inactivate inhibitory NT causing spastic paralysis
  • early= lock jaw, neck stiff, difficult to swallow
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18
Q

How is clostridium tetani treated?

A
  • IgG = passive immunity
  • tetanus toxoid = active immunitiy
  • clean wound and antibiotic with supportive
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19
Q

What is the vaccine for clostridium tetani?

A
  • vaccinate with tetanus toxoid DTaP

- begin at 2 mo, booster every 10 y

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20
Q

What are the characteristics for clostridium botulinum?

A

gram + rod, anaerobic, spore forming

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21
Q

What are the buzzwords for clostridium botulinum?

A
  • spores: improperly cannned food and honey
  • intoxication of preformed toxin
  • floppy baby
  • AB toxin = B binds, A enter motor neuron inhibit Ach to cause flaccid paralysis
  • 12-72 hr post with descending paralysis
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22
Q

What are the characteristics of listeria monocytogenes?

A

gram + rod, motile in environment

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23
Q

What are the buzzwords for listeria?

A
  • consumption of contaminated cheese and deli meat

- common in immunosuppressed and pregnant

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24
Q

What are the buzzwords for mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A
  • AIDS opportunistic

- disease of lung that can spread to other sites and infect CNS

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25
What are the buzzwords of coccidiodes imitus?
- easily airborne arthronocidia in environment - San Jauquin CA, S. Ariona - meningitis = slow, 1%, start with flu
26
What is the treatment for coccidiodes imitus?
-Amphotericin B
27
What are the characteristics of cryptococcus neoformans?
- leading form fungal meningitis - encapsulated yeast - slow, intermittent headache with CNS = weeks to months - AIDS = 10-20% get meningitis - India Ink for capsule
28
What is the treatment for cryptococcus neoformans?
- 6-10w with amphotericin B + 5-fluoro/fluconazole | - relapse in AIDS may require suppressive
29
What are the buzzwords for zygomycoses?
- predispose: immunosuppressed, diabetic, burns - non-septate hyphae w/ sporangia - rhinocerebral: diabetic, inf in sinuses and moves out - hyphae at 90
30
What is the treatment for zygomycoses?
Amphotericin B
31
What are the buzzwords for Naeglaria fowleri?
- acquired in warm water with nasal inoculation - fatal in 1 wk - S States with Neti Pot - trophozoites in biopsy or CSF
32
What is the treatment for Naeglaria fowleri?
Amphotericin B
33
What are the buzzwords for Acanthamoeba Keratitis?
- chronic cornea infection - associated with contact elnses and homemade solution - disseminate in lesion in brain
34
What is the treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis?
Topical, eye enucleation, corneal transplant
35
What are the buzzwords for toxoplasma gondii?
- congenital= still birth, blind, MR - occular = asymptomatic lesion - Aids= encephalitis with ring lesion - transmit: undercooked lamb/pork and cat litter - pregnant avoid
36
What is the treatment for toxoplasma gondii?
- treat pregnant - congenital treat 1 yr - immuno= prophylactic prevent reactivation
37
What are the buzzwords for taenia solium?
- undercooked pork with embryonated eggs - create space filling lesion and induce local inflammation - neurocysticercosis: seizure and neurologic defects - common in immigrant hispanic
38
What are the buzzwords for visceral larval migrans?
- Tocoxari canis and cati = domestic dogs - granulomatoous lesions = seizpures and encepalopathy - eye most commonly effected - no eggs in feces
39
What is the treatment for visceral larval migrans?
Symptomatic relief | -steroids
40
What are the buzzwords for West Nile Virus?
- normal b/w mosquito and bird with horse and human dead end host - transmission with transfusion, transplant, breastfeed - inc 3-14d with symptom 3-6d - 1/150 severe neurological (elderly) - >50 with unexplained encephailitis/meningitis in summer or fall
41
What is the treatment for West Nile?
supportive with vaccine for horse
42
What are the buzzwords for St. Louis Encephalitis Virus?
- cullez mosquito from birds to humans with horse reservoir - 5-15day inc with sudden fever - severe - convulsions and spastic paralysis
43
What is the treatment for St. Louis Encephalitis Virus?
Supportive with most requiring hospitallization
44
What are the buzzwords for Japanese Encephalitis Virus?
- leading encephalitis in Asia | - highly fatal, survivors high rate neurologic sequelae
45
What are the buzzwords for Eastern Equine Encephalitis?
- E. seaboard and gulf coast - outbreak summer and fall - inc 4-10 day rapidly progressing to seizure and coma - 1/3 will die, survivors left with neurologic damage requiring institution
46
What are the buzzwords for Western Equine Encephalitis?
- W US and Canada - June and July - most asymptomatic with children most affected - low mortality
47
What are the buzzwords for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis?
- S and C America - most asymptomatic - mild flu 3-5 days - CNS involve - disorient, nuchal ridgid, convulsion, paralysis
48
What are the buzzwords for LaCrosse Encephalitis?
- midwest and mid-atlantic - mainly kids - reservoir chipmunk and squirrel - nonspecific summer illness, 50% severe in kids
49
What are the buzzwords for rabies?
- infected saliva bite commonly dog or bat - inc days -> month - start nonspecific -> CNS - behavior changes= hydrophobia - coma and death - negri bodies post mortum in animals
50
What is the treatment for rabies?
1 dose IgG and 5 dose Vaccine ( ASAP, 3, 7, 14, and 28 day) | -vaccinate high risk animals
51
What are the buzzwords for lymphocytic chorio meningitis virus?
- rodent born= through urine feces and saliva (mus musculus) - severe in pregnant - inc 1-2 week - biphasic, 1 wk fever vomit, frew day remission, 2nd phase with meningitis or encephalitis
52
What are the buzzwords with prions?
- Kuru= spongiform encephalopathy from cannibalism of infected berains - scrapie madcow, CJD - PrP c v PRPsc - congenital, transmitted, spontaneous - slow progressive neurodegeneration, with death after clinical symptoms
53
What are the buzzwords for S. aureus in septic shock?
- Gram +, cocci, catalase and coag + - LTA -> TLR2-> TNFa, IL1/6 - TSST1 heat and proteolytic resistant exotoxin
54
What are the buzzwords for streptococcus in septic shock?
- gram +, catal - - local infection - pain and nonspecific symptoms -> liver and renal involvement - most bacteremic - SpeA and SpeC progenic exotoxins bind MHC 2
55
How is shock treated?
- hypotension = iv fluids - hypoxia = ventilation theraphy - DIC = transfusion plasma and platelets or heparin - bacteria = antibiotics with vanco and gentamicin
56
What are the buzzwords for viridans streptococcus?
- mitis anad salivarius - subacute bacterial endocarditis - alpha hemolytic - weeks to months
57
How is viridans streptococcus treated?
penicillin | -vancomycin for resistant
58
What are buzzwords for infectious mono?
- EBV target infected B cell - symp: lymphadenitis, splenomegaly - young adults - heterophile Ab - rash with ampicillin - day 7= Anti EB, Anti- VCA IgM - day 10 = IgG and Anti EBNA - Downey cells
59
What is the treatment for infectious mono?
-rest, hydration, avoid strenuous activity
60
What are the buzzwords for oral hairy leukoplakia?
- immunosuppressed | - active EBV replication
61
What is the treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia?
Antiherpetic drugs, podophyllin resin
62
What are the buzzwords for burkitt's Lymphoma?
- EBV, B cell origin - present in jaw of children - endemic - cofactor = malaria and immunosuppression
63
What are hte buzzwords for Hodgkins Disease?
- EBV, b cell origin w/o ties to specific translocations - nontender lymphadenopathy in neck and chest - reed Sternberg cell
64
What are the buzzwords for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
- EBV epithelial cell cancer - facial pain, fullness in sinus throat, hearing loss - cofactor: genetic and diet
65
What are the buzzwords for post transplantational lymphoproliferative disorder?
- EBV - abn proliferation of lymphoid - fever, fatigue, wt loss, progressive encephalopathy - risk: EBV at time of transplant
66
What is the treatment for transplantational lymphoproliferative disorder?
1. reduce immunosuppression 2. rituximab 3. conventional chemo
67
What is the treatment for CMV?
1. Gancyclovir (viral polymerase inhibitor) or Valganocyclovir (goes to gancyclovir) 2. Cidofovir (viral polym inh more toxic) or foscarnet (inh of cmv polymerase)
68
What are buzzwords for CMV mono-like illness?
- inc 2-6day, symp 2-6wk - fever, non-exudative pharyngitis, abn T cell, no heterophile Ab - primary inf CMV
69
What are the buzzwords for CMV inclusion body disease?
- most common congenital viral inf - hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, petechial rash - pregnant avoid spit of young child
70
What are the buzzwords for CMV in immunosuppressed?
- Transplant: CMV pneumonitis, GI, GVHD | - AIDS: CMS petinitis (eye), GI, pneumo
71
What are the buzzwords for myocarditis?
- most preventable in adult men - SOB, exercise intolerance - B19 parvovirus, HHV-6 - CHF of unknown origin
72
What are the buzzwords of mumps?
- ssRNA, 1 serotype, 5-14yr - swollen tender parotid, anorexia - bilateral parotid swell >2 day
73
What is the vaccine for mumps?
Live attenuated MMR and MMV - 1st: 12-15mo and 2nd at 4-6yr - adult = 1 dose
74
What are the buzzwords for Kaposi Sarcoma?
- classic= middle east/mediteranean with few lesions and mild - endemic: equatorial africa, aggressive in prepuscent fatal in 3yr - transplant= lesions leave once immunosuppression stops - aids = widespread
75
What are the buzzwords for HHV-8?
- enveloped dsDNA, latent in KS | - transmission = sexual and needle
76
What are the buzzwords for Adult T-cell lymphoma?
T cell origin - flower cells - lymphadeno, hepatosplenomeg, hypercalcemia - S Japan, Carribean, C Africa - over 55yr
77
What are the buzzwords for HTLV-1 Assoicated Myelopathy?
- demyelination of neurons in spinal cord - higher in adult women - stiff gait, lower ext weak, incontinence, bedridden in 10yr
78
What are the buzzwords for HTLV-1?
- infects CD4 and CD8 - retrovirus, enveloped ssRNA - Japan, C Africa, Carribean - transmission: nursing, transfusion, sex
79
What are the buzzwords for trypanosmoma brucei?
- Africa with tsete fly - early = lymph, late= cns invasion - E Africa: inc 2-3 wk, CNS 3-4 wk (from animal and human) - W Africa: inc wk-mo, CNS after wk-yr ( from humans)
80
What is the treatment for trypanosoma brucei?
Melarsoprol: will killyou 80% effective | Fluoromethylornithine = doctors w/o borders
81
What are the buzzwords for trypanosoma cruzi?
- chagas - S+C america - widespread vector and reservoir in US - Chagoma/Roman sign - chronic= inf cardiac = chf and megacolon decades after
82
What are teh buzzwords for leishmania sp?
- worldwide rare in US, opportunistic HIV - bite female sand flies - visceral = disseminated through reticuloendothelial - causes systemic immunosuppression = death by 2 infection - very old/young, malnourished - IFN-gamma to resolve
83
What are the treaments for leshmania?
heavy metals or toxic drugs
84
What are the buzzwords for plasmodium sp?
- malaria - bite inf mosquitoes - release of merozoites and lysis of RBC - cold stage 14-60m, hot stage 2-6, sweat stage 8-12 hr - anemia (falciparum mature and young, vival and ovale only young) - natural resistant
85
what are the treatments for malaria?
-eradicated vector, prophylaxis of travelers
86
What are the buzzwords for babesia?
- upper MW, CA, new england - bite of tick (rodent and cattle ) - inc 1-8wk with hemolytic anemai, fever, chill, mylagia - risk: elderly, asplenic, immunosuppressed
87
WHat are the buzzwords for filiarisis?
- wucheri bancrofit, and brugia malayi - asia - bite of mosquitos with larvae to lymphatics - upper and lower extremities and male genitalia - tropical pulmonary eosinophilia - elephantitis - microfilarie in blood smear
88
What is the treatment for filiarisis?
- DEC kills microfilarie and damages adults - steroids counteract allergy to dying worms - severe disease= surgery
89
What are the buzzwords for schistosomiasis?
- S America, Middle EAst, Asia, Philipines - Mansoni- v plexus large GI - Janonicum - v plexus small GI - Haematobium- v plexus bladder - hepatic and intestinal dysfuncion, or increased issues with bladder - eggs in feces or urine - snails

Microbiology (5 decks)

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