E4 Flashcards
What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?
Beta (β) cells in the Islets of Langerhans.
What does insulin do in the body?
It stimulates the liver to take glucose out of the bloodstream, lowering blood sugar.
What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon?
Alpha (α) cells in the Islets of Langerhans.
How does glucagon affect blood sugar?
It causes the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels.
What are the two types of Diabetes Mellitus?
Type I (insulin-dependent) and Type II (insulin resistance).
What is Type I Diabetes?
A condition where the beta cells cannot produce insulin, requiring daily insulin injections.
What is Type II Diabetes?
A condition where insulin receptors do not respond to insulin or insulin production decreases, often managed by diet, exercise, and medications.
What is hyperglycemia?
A condition characterized by high blood sugar, commonly occurring after eating.
What is hypoglycemia?
A condition where blood sugar is too low, often occurring after exercising or fasting.
What is Gestational Diabetes?
A temporary form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery.
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?
Type I is characterized by the inability to produce insulin, while Type II involves reduced insulin sensitivity or production.
What happens when alpha (α) cells release glucagon?
The liver breaks down glycogen into glucose, raising blood sugar levels.
What is the primary treatment for Type I Diabetes?
Daily insulin injections to manage blood sugar levels.
