E1 Flashcards
What is the main function of the nervous and endocrine systems?
To work together to maintain homeostasis.
What are the key differences between the nervous and endocrine systems?
The nervous system communicates quickly through impulses and is short-term, while the endocrine system uses hormones and is slower but long-lasting.
What is negative feedback in hormonal regulation?
A process where hormone production is reduced once the desired outcome is achieved, maintaining balance.
What is an example of positive feedback in the body?
Childbirth, where the response is amplified.
What are non-target and target hormones?
Non-target hormones affect many cells (e.g., insulin), while target hormones affect specific body cells (e.g., gastrin).
What are tropic hormones?
Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands, like TSH, FSH, and ACTH.
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
It controls the activity of other endocrine glands and is regulated by the hypothalamus.
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
TSH, ACTH, hGH, FSH, LH, and prolactin.
What are the water-soluble and fat-soluble hormones?
Water-soluble hormones, like insulin, bind to receptors outside cells, while fat-soluble hormones, like sex hormones, diffuse into cells.
What is the function of the anterior pituitary gland?
It produces and secretes hormones like TSH, ACTH, hGH, FSH, LH, and prolactin, which regulate various bodily functions.
How does the hypothalamus control the anterior pituitary gland?
By releasing hormones that signal the anterior pituitary to secrete its hormones.
What are exocrine glands, and how do they differ from endocrine glands?
secrete products that leave the body (e.g., sweat glands), while endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
What is the role of the posterior pituitary gland?
It stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus, such as ADH and oxytocin.
What is the role of oxytocin?
stimulates contractions in the uterus and the mammary glands during childbirth and breastfeeding.
What is ADH, and what is its function?
controls water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to reduce water loss.
