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Clin Med 3 > E3: Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

E3: Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Patient presents after skiing and hit a tree. He became unconscious, but then had a lucid interval. Over the next hour, the patient deteriorated quickly. On CT, there is a lens shaped bleed. What should you be suspicious of?

A

Epidural hematoma

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2
Q

Is an epidural bleed venous or arterial?

A

Arterial (middle meningeal artery)

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3
Q

Is a subdural hematoma venous or arterial?

A

Venous (bridging veins)

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4
Q

If a patient tells you they are having the worst headache of their life, What should you be suspicious of?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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5
Q

What arteries join to form the basilar artery?

A

The vertebral arteries

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6
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries branch from?

A

The subclavian arteries

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7
Q

What is the main function of the circle of Willis?

A

Connects the anterior and posterior circulations, as well as the left and the right sides

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8
Q

What nerves are inside the cavernous sinus?

A
  • All nerves that control EOMs ( CN III, IV, VI)
  • All divisions of CN V except V3 (decreased facial sensation)

**internal carotid also in cavernous sinus

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula?

A
  • Eye pain and double vision
  • Proptosis
  • chemosis
  • EOM paralysis
  • Decreased facial sensation
  • Orbital bruit
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10
Q

What does the lateral spinothalamic tract control?

A

Pain and temperature

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11
Q

What does the posterior spinal cord tract control?

A

Vibration and proprioception

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12
Q

What does the lateral corticospinal tract control?

A

Voluntary movement

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13
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Conus medullaris and Cauda equina?

A

-Pain and weakness, severe radicular pain, flaccid LE paralysis, saddle anesthesia, and bowel/bladder problems

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14
Q

A patient presents with aphasia, neglect, hemianopia, UMN hemiparesis, hemisensory involving the face and arm OR the leg. Where is the lesion?

A

The cortex

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15
Q

A patient presents with dense hemiplegia of the face, arm, and leg equally as well as some abnormal movements. Where is the lesion?

A

Subcortical structures (internal capsule and basal ganglia)

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16
Q

Patient presents with truncal or limb ataxia and dysmetria. Where is the lesion?

A

Cerebellum

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17
Q

A patient presents with CN palsies and crossed signs. Where is the lesion?

A

Brain stem

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18
Q

Patient presents with paraparesis, sensory level, B/B involvement, and saddle anesthesia. Where is the lesion?

A

Spinal cord

19
Q

Patient presents with fasiculations and motor denervation, but no sensory involvement. Where is the lesion?

A

Lower motor neuron

20
Q

Patient presents with distal weakness and sensory involvement in a stocking-glove distribution, areflexia or hyporeflexia. Where is the lesion?

A

Peripheral nerve

21
Q

Patient presents with muscle fatigability, but no sensory involvement and normal DTRs. Where is the lesion?

A

The NMJ

22
Q

The patient presents with proximal muscle weakness without sensory involvement. Where is the lesion?

A

the muscle

23
Q

List the cranial nerves.

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Trigeminal
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
24
Q

A patient has bitemporal hemianopsia. Where is the lesion?

A

Optic chasm

25
Q

Patient has right monocular blindness. Where is the lesion?

A

Right optic nerve

26
Q

What are the cranial nerves responsible for EOMs?

A

III, IV, VI

27
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for sensation to face, muscles of mastication, and sensory limb of corneal reflex?

A

CN V

28
Q

What CN is responsible for muscles of facial expression and the motor limb of the corneal reflex?

A

CN VII

29
Q

What CNs are responsible for the pupillary reflex?

A

CN II and III

30
Q

What CNs are responsible for the Corneal reflex?

A

CN V1 and VII

31
Q

What CNs are responsible for the vestibule-ocular reflex?

A

CN VIII-VI and III

32
Q

Will and UMN lesion have spasticity or rigidity?

A

Spasticity

-velocity dependent

33
Q

What kind of lesion has velocity independent cogwheel rigidity?

A

Basal ganglia lesion

34
Q

What are the nerve roots involved in the biceps reflex?

A

C5 and C6

35
Q

What nerve roots are involved in the brachioradialis reflex?

A

C6

36
Q

What nerve roots are involved in the triceps reflex?

A

C7

37
Q

What nerve roots are involved in the patellar reflex?

A

L4

38
Q

What nerve roots are involved in the achillles tendon reflex?

A

S1

39
Q

What is an abnormal babinski?

A

Toes curling upwards and fanning

40
Q

Patient has spastic weakness, hyper-reflexia, and positive babinski. Where is the lesion?

A

UMN

41
Q

Patient has flaccid weakness, hypo-reflexia, atrophy, and fasciculations. Where is the lesion?

A

LMN

42
Q

If there is cortical infarct and the patient has weakness in their face and arm more than their leg, where is the infarct?

A

The MCA

43
Q

If there is a cortical infarct and the patient has weakness to their leg more than their arm and face, where is the infarct most likely?

A

ACA

Clin Med 3 (17 decks)

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