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Clin Med 3 > E1: GI Diagnostic Studies > Flashcards

E1: GI Diagnostic Studies Flashcards

1
Q

What imaging would you use to assess for dilated bowel?

A

Supine abdominal XR (KUB)

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2
Q

What is often the initial test to evaluate abdominal problems?

A

Supine abdominal XR (KUB)

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3
Q

What kind of imaging allows for good visualization of abdominal air-fluid levels?

A

Upright abdominal xr

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4
Q

What kind of imaging allows for visualization of free air underneath hemidiaphragms and assesses for perforation?

A

PA Chest XR

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5
Q

What will you see on XR with a small bowel obstruction?

A
  • Dilated bowel proximal to the obstruction with collapsed bowel distally on supine XR
  • air fluid levels on upright XR
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6
Q

What will you see on XR if a patient has an Ileus?

A
  • Dilated bowel but air present in both small bowel and colon
  • No air fluid levels
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7
Q

What will you see on XR if a patient has perforation?

A

Free air outside the bowel

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8
Q

What is the initial diagnostic test of choice in a patient with suspected cholelithiasis?

A

RUQ US or Gallbladder US

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9
Q

What imaging would you order if you are concerned about pancreatitis or diverticulitis?

A

CT scan

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10
Q

You see multiple white colored calcifications on the pancreas on the CT scan. What are you concerned about?

A

Chronic pancreatitis

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11
Q

What scan would you order if you are concerned about kidney stones?

A

CT abdomen and pelvis without contrast

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12
Q

What are the contraindications to CT scans?

A
  • Pregnanct
  • Unstable vitals
  • morbid obesity
  • Contraindications to IV contrast (shellfish allergy)
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13
Q

What are the possible complications of IV contrast?

A
  • Allergic reaction

- Acute kidney injury (intrinsic and acute tubular necrosis)

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14
Q

What education should you give a patient who recently had a CT with contrast and also takes Metformin?

A

Hold the Metformin for 48 hours post contrast administration

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15
Q

What does a HIDA scan do?

A

Assess the bile excreting function of the liver and gallbladder

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16
Q

What is an abnormal HIDA scan?

A

If the gallbladder is not visualized due to cystic duct obstruction, no radionuclide seen in GB within 15-60 minutes

17
Q

What two things can an abnormal HIDA scan indicate?

A

Cholecystitis and acalculous cholecystitis

18
Q

What are Barium studies used for?

A

Assessing for luminal GI tract disorders and enhances visibility by coating the mucosa
-evaluates for anatomic and functional abnormalities

19
Q

What are the 4 types of barium studies?

A
  • Esophagram/Barium swallow
  • UGI (upper GI) series
  • SBFT (small bowel follow through)
  • BE (barium Enema)
20
Q

What is the esophagram/Barium swallow used for?

A

Visualizes the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) into the proximal stomach

21
Q

What are UGI series used for?

A

To visualize the esophagus, stomach,and first part of the duodenum

22
Q

What are the contraindications to UGI series?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Complete bowel obstruction
  • Suspected upper GI perforation
23
Q

If there is suspected upper GI perforation, how can a UGI series be performed?

A

Barium is contraindicated, use water soluble Gastrografin

24
Q

What is an SBFT used for?

A
  • To visualize the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
  • Can assess peristalsis activity, mucosal abnormalities, diverticula, bowel wall thickening
  • evil of crohns and small bowel tumors
25
Q

What are the indications for a Barium enema?

A

Change in bowel habits, constipation, diarrhea, assess for tumors/polyps

26
Q

What are the contraindications for a barium enema?

A

Pregnancy
Mega colon
Suspected perforation
Unstable vitals

27
Q

What are the contraindications for an EGD?

A
  • Uncooperative patient
  • bleeding
  • esophageal diverticula
  • suspected perforation
  • recent upper GI tract surgery
28
Q

What is the difference between ERCP and MRCP?

A

ERCP is diagnostic and therapeutic, MRCP is only diagnostic

29
Q

What does an ERCP do?

A

-Involves the use of fiberoptic endoscope o obtain radio graphic visualization of bile and pancreatic ducts

30
Q

What are the contraindications to ERCP?

A
  • Uncooperative patient

- previous GI surgery with inaccessible ampulla of vater

31
Q

What are the complications of ERCP?

A
  • PANCREATITIS
  • perforation/bleeding
  • gram negative bacteremia
  • aspiration
  • oversedation
32
Q

What is the gold standard for colon cancer screening?

A

Colonoscopy

33
Q

What are the contraindications for colonoscopy?

A
  • ACTIVE DIVERTICULITIS
  • toxic megacolon
  • severe rectal bleeding
  • recent colon surgery

Clin Med 3 (17 decks)

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