Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med 3 > E1: Nutrition > Flashcards

E1: Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme for carbs?

A

Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme for proteins?

A

Protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme for fats?

A

Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What water soluble vitamin binds to intrinsic factor?

A

Cyanocobalamin (B12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What water soluble vitamin aids in iron absorption?

A

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nutrient deficiency results in Beriberi or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What vitamin deficiencies result in Cheilitis, angular stomatitis, and glossitis?

A

Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), and Pyridoxine (B6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What vitamin deficiency results in pellagra?

A

Niacin (B3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is pellagra?

A

Diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can folate deficiency cause?

A

Macrocytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can B12 deficiency cause?

A

Macrocytic anemia and peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes rickets and osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can vitamin A deficiency cause?

A

Night blindness, bitots spots, poor wound healing,and dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can sodium deficiency cause?

A

Confusion, hypotension, and tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can Zinc deficiency cause?

A

Taste disturbance, impaired wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can iodine deficiency cause?

A

Goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can potassium deficiency cause?

A

Muscle cramping, fatigue, EKG with U waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can calcium deficiency cause?

A

Fractures and tetany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can iron deficiency cause?

A

Fatigue, pallor, pale conjunctiva, pica, and koilonychia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can vitamin C and K deficiency cause?

A

Bleeding gums, easy bruising, poor wound healing, petechiae, and purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can Vitamin E deficiency cause?

A

Sensory and motor neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can fluoride deficiency cause?

A

Tooth decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can sodium toxicity cause?

A

Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What can potassium toxicity cause?

A

Weakness, vomiting, EKG with peaked T waves

26
Q

What can niacin toxicity cause?

A

Flushing

27
Q

What can fluoride toxicity cause?

A

Tooth discoloration

28
Q

What can copper toxicity cause?

A

Golden-brown discoloration of iris

29
Q

What supplementation is necessary during pregnancy to decrease the risk of neural tube defects?

A

Folic acid

30
Q

Exclusively breastfed infants should receive what kind of supplementation?

A

Vitamin D

31
Q

What is important regarding nutrition in childhood?

A

Avoidance of sweetened foods and beverages

32
Q

How many grams of fiber should be consumed daily? What does fiber do?

A

25-35 grams
-Regulates bowels, increases satiety, lowers cholesterol, improves glycemic control, and lowers risk of colorectal cancer

33
Q

What is glycemic index? What is a high vs low glycemic index?

A

-a measure of how quickly food causes blood sugar to rise. A high glycemia index means that the food is rapidly digested and absorbed, and low means that it is slowly digested and absorbed

34
Q

What is the Mediterranean diet?

A
  • Plan based die of vegetables, fruit, whole grain breads and cereals, beans, and nuts
  • olive oil
  • fish, poultry, and dairy
35
Q

What is the DASH diet?

A
  • High in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, nuts, and beans
  • reduces sodium and increase potassium, calcium, and mg
  • low fat
  • low sugar
36
Q

What are the concerns of using a very low calorie diet?

A

Loss of lean muscle mass, electrolyte abnormalities, bile stasis, and constipation

37
Q

What are the concerns regarding the Keto diet?

A

Restrictive diet could lead to nutrient deficiencies, poor sustainability, and raise concern for heart disease and chronic disease

38
Q

What kind of diet may be used for refractory cases of epilepsy?

A

Keto diet

39
Q

What is the main concern regarding a vegan diet?

A

B12 deficiency

40
Q

What is the benefit of intermittent fasting?

A

Promote weight loss and improve metabolic health through influence on hormone regulation and inflammatory response

41
Q

What should you do with a patient with a positive nutrition screen?

A

Refer to a dietician for complete nutrition assessment

42
Q

What are the 5 components of a nutrition assessment?

A
  • food and nutrition related history
  • patient history
  • anthropometric measurements
  • nutrition focused exam
  • lab indicators
43
Q

What is enteral nutrition?

A

Nutrition deliveries directly into the GI tract, bypassing the oral cavity
-appropriate for those with a functioning GI tract

44
Q

What are the short term options for enteral nutrition?

A

Nasogastric, nasoduodenal, and nasojejunal

45
Q

What are the long term options for enteral nutrition?

A

Gastrostomy and jejunostomy

46
Q

What does a nutrition assessment do?

A

Targets body weight, muscle wasting, fat stores, volume status, and signs of nutrient deficiencies

47
Q

What are the mechanical complications with enteral nutrition?

A

Tube misplacement, tube displacement, and tube obstruction

48
Q

What are the metabolic abnormalities that may occur with enteral nutrition?

A

Hyperglycemia and unstable fluid/Lyte status

49
Q

What is parenteral nutrition?

A
  • Nutrition deliveries directly into the vein
  • Appropriate for patients at risk of malnutrition in whom have no functioning GI tract or when oral intake and EN is not feasible or contraindicated
50
Q

What are the two types of parenteral nutrition?

A

-Peripheral and total

51
Q

What are the two option for TPN?

A
  • Central venous catheter

- PICC

52
Q

What are the mechanical complications of Parenteral nutrition?

A

-Catheter related sepsis, venous thrombosis, air embolus, pneumothorax

53
Q

What are the metabolic complications for parenteral nutrition?

A

Hyperglycemia, azotemia, and lyte abnormalties

54
Q

What is refeeding syndrome?

A

Intracellular shift of lytes (Mg, PO4, K)

55
Q

What is medical nutrition therapy (MNT)?

A

Individualized therapeutic dietary interventions used in the managements of medical conditions

56
Q

What is the MNT of Gastroparesis?

A

Small frequent low fat/low fiber meals

57
Q

What is the MNT of Roux-En-Y gastric bypass?

A

Small frequent meals, avoidance of simple sugars

58
Q

What is the MNT of IBD?

A

Well balanced nutrient rich diet, avoid processed/refined products, limit lactose

59
Q

What are the risks for IDA?

A
  • Blood loss
  • Celiac
  • H. Pylori
  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
  • PPIs
60
Q

What are the risks for B12 deficiency?

A
  • Vegan
  • Roux-En-Y gastric bypass
  • Pernicious anemia
  • terminal ileum, Crohn disease
  • Celiac
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • Metformin
61
Q

How can renal disease lead to nutrient deficiency?

A

Poor renal function can lead to sodium and fluid retention, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia

Clin Med 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions