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DPT 740/1: Clin Med 1 > E3- Imaging > Flashcards

E3- Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major advantages for radiology

A

most efficient for assessing initial bone or jt abnormality
minimize radiation
greatest visualization

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2
Q

what are the disadvantages for radiology

A

limited for complex and subtle bony and soft tissue abnormalities

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3
Q

what is the routine for radiographic exam

A

at least 2 images at 90 deg to view all 3 dimensions

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4
Q

what is black in an xray

A

air
fat/bone marrow

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5
Q

what is gray in an xray

A

fat/bone marrow
water- m and soft tissue

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6
Q

what is white in an xray

A

bone
dye- bright white
metal- solid white

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7
Q

when viewing an xray what markers are we looking for

A

at least 2
health info
side of body

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8
Q

what are the ABCS of xray

A

alignment
bone density
cartilage space
soft tissue

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9
Q

what are we looking for with alignment in an xray

A

general anatomy
spurs, breaks, markings

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10
Q

what are we looking for with bone density in an xray

A

contrast
cortical- outer layer, appendicular, whiter
cancellous- inner, axial, grayer
texture
sclerotic changes

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11
Q

what are sclerotic changes

A

more metabolic activity in the bone due to compression or stress on the bone

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12
Q

what are we looking for with cartilage spaces in an xray

A

narrowing
bone sclerosis and erosion
growth plate- position, size, smooth

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13
Q

what are we looking for with soft tissue in an xray

A

m wasting/edema
fat pad displacement- elbow
periosteum

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14
Q

what can solid periosteum mean

A

slow growth of healing or infection

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15
Q

what can laminated or layered periosteum mean

A

repetitive stress

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16
Q

what can spiculated or pointed periosteum mean

A

breakthrough due to tumor

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17
Q

what is a CT scan

A

targeted xray are passing through slices of tissue

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18
Q

what are advantages of CT

A

less overlap
subtle bony changes
can use contrast agents

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19
Q

what are disadvantages of CT

A

greater radiation exposure
limited soft tissue abnormalities

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20
Q

what is a CT used for

A

head and abdominal trauma
less time than MRI and US

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21
Q

what are transverse plane slices

A

pt is supine so anterior is the top of image
your R is the pt L

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22
Q

what is the mechanism of an MRI

A

radiofrequency waves in presence of strong magnetic field
use contrast agent

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23
Q

what are advantages for MRI

A

less overlap
soft tissue abnormalities
less dense bone
staging metastasis
no radiation
high resolution

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24
Q

what are disadvantages for MRI

A

contraindications with magnetic implants except for stable jt implants
claustrophobia

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25
Q

how is fluid in T1 vs T2 MRI

A

T1- dark
T2- bright

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26
Q

describe a T1 weighted image

A

bright signals from fat and bone marrow
dark signals cortical bone and fluid
best for anatomical structure

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27
Q

describe a T2 weighted image

A

bright signals fluid or water
best for swelling and neoplasm

28
Q

what is considered gray in both T1/2 weighted MRI

A

n and m

29
Q

MRI is high sensitivity, explain

A

so good at finding (+) that when a negative is found you can rule a condition out

30
Q

what is an ultrasound

A

ultrasound waves are absorbed, reflected and diffused

31
Q

what are advantages for ultrasound

A

real time superficial tissue
higher resolution for superficial tendon, lig, and m than MRI

32
Q

what are disadvantages for ultrasound

A

inability to scan deeper jt surface
image depends on operator

33
Q

what does a brighter signal indicate on an ultrasound

A

swelling, tendinosis

34
Q

what does irregular borders indicate on an ultrasound

A

tears

35
Q

what do we need to consider with imaging recommendations

A

thorough hx and exam
psychosocial factor
CDR
appropriateness criteria

36
Q

what are common views of cervical spine

A

AP open mouth
AP lower cervical spine
lateral

37
Q

what is less common for cervical spine

A

oblique

38
Q

what is AP open mouth best used for

A

AA jt

39
Q

what does “a” mean in AP open mouth for AA

A

C1 and lateral masses are symmetrical

40
Q

what does “b” mean in AP open mouth for AA

A

C1 lateral masses with sup articular process of C2

41
Q

what does “c” mean in AP open mouth for AA

A

dens symmetrical of C1 lateral masses

42
Q

what does “d” mean in AP open mouth for AA

A

equal C1 on C2 jt spaces

43
Q

what does “e” mean in AP open mouth for AA

A

midline C2 sp

44
Q

what does AP lower cervical spine best demonstrate

A

lower cervical vb
upper thoracic
ribs
clavicle

45
Q

how is AP lower cervical spine positioned

A

vertically aligned vb
midline sp
lateral column

46
Q

what is difficult about AP lower cervical spine

A

TPs difficult to discern
U jt
air filled trachea
clavicle

47
Q

what is lateral view best for

A

disc space
z jt

48
Q

what do we look for in the lateral view

A

ant vb
post vb
spinolaminar

49
Q

what should stay constant in lateral view no matter the position

A

the 3 parallel lines should stay constant even in stress views when investigating mechanical instability

50
Q

how are TPs in lateral view

A

superimposed over bodies

51
Q

what is the oblique view good for

A

intervertebral foramen

52
Q

what views are best for shoulder

A

AP in ER
AP in IR

53
Q

what is in profile for AP ER

A

greater tuberosity
GH jt space

54
Q

what is in profile for AP IR

A

lesser tuberosity

55
Q

what is scapular Y lateral view used for

A

assessment of fx or dislocations of proximal humerus

56
Q

what is visible on the xray

A

lesser tubercle
AC jt

57
Q

what does each letter mean on the xray

A

A- acromion
B- clavicle
C- sup border of scapula
D- corocoid process
E- body of scapula
F- inf angle of scapula
G- humeral head
H- humeral shaft

58
Q

what is visible on the xray

A

greater tubercle
GH jt space

59
Q

what view is best to assess dislocation

A

axillary view

60
Q

what do we look for in an xray for ARJC

A

humeral head alignment and shape
bone density
sclerosis
cartilage space

61
Q

what is a reason the humeral head is sitting inf

what would we recommend for treatment

A

supraspinatus tear

shd jt replacement- SS irreparable tear

62
Q

what indicates tendinopathy in a MRI

A

bright white tendon

63
Q

what indicates a trauma to the elbow

A

displacing of fat pad indicating an intra articular injury

64
Q

what is the most common carpal fx

A

scaphoid

65
Q

what is the most common carpal to dislocate

A

lunate

66
Q

where is a scaphoid fx most in danger for avascular necrosis

A

the poles due to a decrease in blood supply compared to the waist

67
Q

how do we treat a pt if they dont have a fx but acts like a fx

A

treat it like a fx- immobilize then reimage in 1-2 wks

DPT 740/1: Clin Med 1 (7 decks)

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