E3 + 4 Immunological Memory

Question 1

in T memory cells what is there a large upregulation in

Answer 1

Large upreg in CD45RO memory cells from naive.

Question 2

In naive CD4 Tc what happens to the CD45 gene transcript

Answer 2

Splicing of the CD45 gene transcript in naive Tc includes the A, B & C exons
In memory Tc: splicing the CD45 transcript excludes the A, B,C exons

Question 3

what is the difference between B & T cell memory responses

Answer 3

affinity
Bc - each activation increases affinity: affinity maturation!
Tc - affinity of original Ag-activation does not alter

V-regions
Bc: continue to mutate V-regions (w/ each activation & division)
Tc: V-regions are not further changed in memory cells

Question 4

what do memory cells prevent

Answer 4

activation of naive B- or T-cells to the Ag which originally resulted in the development of the memory cells

(thus- 2° and subsequent response to the same Ag are via memory cells)

Question 5

Name some chronic disease due to Bc long term memory

Answer 5

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) – self Antibodies (unknow what they are to - possibly DNA )

MS – (believed Antibodies to Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) - Bc recognising myelin should have been deleted at birth

Allergy – hypersensitivity to non-threat Ags (IgE asthma)

Question 6

Name some chronic diseases due to long term Tc memory

Answer 6

Type 1 diabetes – unknow why CD8 target (ß-cell Ags peptides unknown)

Autoimmune arthritis – (Ag unknown) Tc keep cytokine profile recruiting enzymatic & chemokine environment which produce inflammation & degradation of joint

Hypersensitivity to recall Ags (tuberculin DTH response - CD8 Tc produce IFNy at inflammatory response at site of injection)

Question 7

Name some vaccinations

Answer 7

▪ Smallpox with cowpox extract (Tc vaccine) -> help for B-cells – Ab production reaction
▪ TB (Tc vaccine) -> help for macrophages (IFN-y production) (CD8 effector Tc)
▪ Various Viruses (inc. Flu) (T cell/ B cell) neutralizing Abs + CD8+ killing of infected cells
▪ Bacterial Polysaccharides – B-cells (T-independent) neutralizing Abs + complement killing (opsonization)

Question 8

what is CD27 a marker for

Answer 8

Bcells used in flow cytometry alongside IgD

Question 9

what was found in patients who died from Corona virus

Answer 9

low CD27+ expression

recovery from infection results in doubling of CD27+ cells