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1) Chem 2 - I,II,III > E3 > Flashcards

E3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose to the geriatric patient?

  • Decreased renal clearance
  • Slowing of drug absorption
  • Liver impairment
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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2
Q

All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except:

  • Weight of 2.1 kg
  • Immature liver function and inability to eliminate excess bilirubin
  • Infants normally rapidly adapt by initiating active respiration
  • 4-6 months for the infants body weight to double
A
  • Weight of 2.1 kg

Normal newborns weight 3.2 kg or more

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3
Q

Which of these statements are true.

  • Regular exercise can improve the quality of life among geriatric patients
  • Exercise can help prevent depression and other diseases
  • Proper nutrition is important along with exercise
  • All of these statements are true
A

All of these statements are true

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4
Q

Which test would be likely to show an increase in value in a geriatric patient?

  • Calcium
  • Testosterone
  • ANAs
  • Aldosterone
A

ANAs

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5
Q

True or False: It is easy to find healthy adults, over 65, with no preexisting conditions, to use to develop normal ranges.

A

False

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6
Q

Which of the following conditions are related to acidosis in the pediatric patient?

  • Anoxia and trauma during delivery
  • Respiratory distress syndrome
  • Hyperammoneima caused by liver disease
  • Hyperventilation
A

Anoxia and trauma during delivery

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7
Q

Which of the following biomarkers are found in high concentrations in neonates as compared to adults?

  • Creatinine
  • Ammonia
  • Uric acid levels
  • Total immunoglobulins
A

Ammonia

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8
Q

What are special considerations that need to be taken into account with regards to neonatal blood collections. (select all that apply)

  • Sample should always be keep on ice
  • Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
  • Should be processed on large automation
  • Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
A
  • Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
    -Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
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9
Q

Which of the following choices is false concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)?

  • The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
  • The capillary specimen is likely contaminated with interstitial fluid
  • Venous blood contains higher bilirubin and calcium concentrations
  • Capillary blood contains less concentrated proteins dues to mixing with interstitial fluid
A
  • The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
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10
Q

True or False: Specimens for porphyrin testing do not need to be protected from light.

A

False.

It does need to be protected from light

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11
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)

A

Neuropsychiatric

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12
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)

A

Cutaneous

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13
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:

Variegated porphyria (VP)

A

Neurocutaneous

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14
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP)

A

Cutaneous

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15
Q

Which statement about secondary porphyrinurias is not true.

  • Can be caused by liver disease and heavy metal poisoning
  • Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
  • Are a inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
  • Not due to an inherited defect in heme synthesis
A

Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins

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16
Q

This is a group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis

A

Porphyrias

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17
Q

Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule

A

Hemoglobinopathies

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18
Q

A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles

A

Myoglobin

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19
Q

Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules

A

Thalassemias

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20
Q

The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

A

Heme

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21
Q

True or False: The aqueous solubility of porphyrins varies with the number of carboxylic acid substitutions present in that particular porphyrin compound

A

True

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22
Q

How many pyrrole rings make up a porphyrin ring?

  • 3
  • 4
  • 6
  • 10
A
  • 4
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23
Q

This is chelated to the porphyrin ring to form heme.

  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide
A

Iron

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24
Q

Which type of porphyria is not considered chronic?

  • Hereditary coproporphyria
  • Congenital erythroportic porphyria
  • Erythroportic porphyria
  • Porphyria cutanea tarda
A

Hereditary coproporphyria

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25
Q

Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen that may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of the porphyrias?

  • Caraway test
  • Gutman test
  • Jendreassik- Grok test
  • Watson-Schwartz test
A

Watson-Schwartz test

26
Q

The most common abnormalities in the structure of hemoglobin is:

  • Amino acid deletions
  • Elongated hemoglobin chains
  • Fused or hybrid chains
  • Amino acid substitutions
A

Amino acid substitutions

27
Q

Put in the order of electrophoretic mobility (slowest to fastest) on cellulose acetate.

A

Hemoglobin C, Hemoglobin S, Hemoglobin F, Hemoglobin A

28
Q

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the stimulation of ductal epithelial cell secretion of bicarbonate?

  • Gastrin
  • Secretin
  • Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  • Insulin
A

Secretin

29
Q

If this area of the pancreas becomes affected by cancer there is high potential that it will go undetected and lead to greater morbidity and mortality in the patient.

  • Head
  • Body
  • Neck
  • Tail
A

Tail

—
The tail is the smallest portion of the pancreas, and by the time symptoms manifest the cancer will have already spread throughout the pancreas and possibly metastasize to other parts of the body making it potentially fatal.

30
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding normal pancreatic fluid?

  • It is clear, colorless, and watery
  • It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
  • It maintains an alkaline pH
  • It has the same concentration of potassium and sodium as serum
A

It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid

31
Q

The hormone responsible for the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas is:

  • Cholecystokinin
  • Secretin
  • Ghrelin
  • Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) hormone
A

Cholecystokinin

32
Q

True or False: The exocrine function of the pancreas includes the production of insulin and glucagon.

A

False

33
Q

The recommended specimen requirement for steatorrhea is a:

  • 12-stool collection
  • 24-hour stool collection
  • 48 hour stool collection
  • 72 hour stool collection
A

72 hour stool collection

34
Q

True or False: In patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal fat is often decreased and fecal enzymes are increased.

A

False

35
Q

True or False: The Ampulla of Vater is where the pancreas and stomach join together.

A

True

36
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Alpha

A

Glucagon

37
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Beta

A

Insulin

38
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Delta

A

Somatostain

39
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Gamma

A

Pancreatic polypeptide hormones

40
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Epsilon

A

Ghrelin

41
Q

This test may be used because it is a non-invasive, indirect indicator of moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.

  • Fecal Fat — Sudan staining
  • Fecal chymotrypsin
  • Fecal elastase-1
  • Cholecystokinin
A

Fecal elastase-1

42
Q

True or False: There are no associated risks with using TPN for patients who need it.

A

False

43
Q

Match the term with the description:

A diet deficient in protein and calories is…

Marasmus or Kwashiorkor

A

Marasmus

44
Q

Match the term with the description:

A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories

Marasmus or Kwashiorkor

A

Kwashiorkor

45
Q

True or False: Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity .

A

False

46
Q

Which of these vitamins is water soluble? Select all correct answers.

  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin K
A
  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin C
47
Q

This deficiency in this vitamin is associated with hair loss, anorexia, and depression. It is often found in hair products and supplements. Taking supplements that contain this may cause interference with certain test assays.

  • Vitamin A (retinol)
  • Vitamin B3 (niacin)
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B7 (biotin)
A

Vitamin B7 (biotin)

48
Q

Select the two most common tests run to differentiate the reason behind a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.

  • Folate
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin B12
A

-Folate
- Vitamin B12

49
Q

True or False: Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.

A

False

—
water soluble is not stored
water insoluble if stored can have a risk of toxicity

50
Q

If you had the following lab results, what would condition would you expect to see:

Transferrin increased, Ferritin decreased, % saturation decreased, TIBC increased

  • Iron overdose
  • Iron deficiency
  • Malnutrition
  • Chronic infection
A

Iron deficiency

51
Q

This is the theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated

A

TIBC

52
Q

This is the major iron storage protein for the body

A

Ferritin

53
Q

This is the primary plasma iron transport protein

A

Transferrin

54
Q

This is Fe3+ bound to transferrin

A

Serum iron

55
Q

This is known as the Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample.

A

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

56
Q

This is known as the Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase.

A

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

57
Q

This element is widely used in industrial and household ways, and interferes with enzyme activity. It is associated with encephalopathy, anemia, bone disease and progressive dementia. It is excreted mainly in the urine.

  • Copper
  • Aluminum
  • Cadmium
  • Arsenic
A

Aluminum

58
Q

An employee at a local glass blowing manufacturing facility is admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital due to severe anxiety and constant bouts of compulsive laughing and crying. Given these symptoms, what kind of heavy metal toxicity should be expected?

  • Manganese
  • Mercury
  • Molybdenum
  • Selenium
A

Manganese

59
Q

Over the decades, this element has been considered a toxic element, a carcinogen, essential element, and an anti-carcinogen. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.

  • Zinc
  • Selenium
  • Copper
  • Molybdenum
A

Selenium

60
Q

This heavy metal has both an essential form and a toxic, nonessential form. When absorbed it will be bound by transferrin and transported by albumin.

  • Chromium
  • Cadmium
  • Copper
  • Aluminum
A

Chromium

1) Chem 2 - I,II,III (3 decks)

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