E3 Flashcards
Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose to the geriatric patient?
- Decreased renal clearance
- Slowing of drug absorption
- Liver impairment
- All of the above
All of the above
All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except:
- Weight of 2.1 kg
- Immature liver function and inability to eliminate excess bilirubin
- Infants normally rapidly adapt by initiating active respiration
- 4-6 months for the infants body weight to double
- Weight of 2.1 kg
Normal newborns weight 3.2 kg or more
Which of these statements are true.
- Regular exercise can improve the quality of life among geriatric patients
- Exercise can help prevent depression and other diseases
- Proper nutrition is important along with exercise
- All of these statements are true
All of these statements are true
Which test would be likely to show an increase in value in a geriatric patient?
- Calcium
- Testosterone
- ANAs
- Aldosterone
ANAs
True or False: It is easy to find healthy adults, over 65, with no preexisting conditions, to use to develop normal ranges.
False
Which of the following conditions are related to acidosis in the pediatric patient?
- Anoxia and trauma during delivery
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Hyperammoneima caused by liver disease
- Hyperventilation
Anoxia and trauma during delivery
Which of the following biomarkers are found in high concentrations in neonates as compared to adults?
- Creatinine
- Ammonia
- Uric acid levels
- Total immunoglobulins
Ammonia
What are special considerations that need to be taken into account with regards to neonatal blood collections. (select all that apply)
- Sample should always be keep on ice
- Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
- Should be processed on large automation
- Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
- Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
-Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
Which of the following choices is false concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)?
- The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
- The capillary specimen is likely contaminated with interstitial fluid
- Venous blood contains higher bilirubin and calcium concentrations
- Capillary blood contains less concentrated proteins dues to mixing with interstitial fluid
- The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
True or False: Specimens for porphyrin testing do not need to be protected from light.
False.
It does need to be protected from light
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)
Neuropsychiatric
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)
Cutaneous
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Variegated porphyria (VP)
Neurocutaneous
Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP)
Cutaneous
Which statement about secondary porphyrinurias is not true.
- Can be caused by liver disease and heavy metal poisoning
- Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
- Are a inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
- Not due to an inherited defect in heme synthesis
Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
This is a group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
Porphyrias
Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
Hemoglobinopathies
A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
Myoglobin
Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
Thalassemias
The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen
Heme
True or False: The aqueous solubility of porphyrins varies with the number of carboxylic acid substitutions present in that particular porphyrin compound
True
How many pyrrole rings make up a porphyrin ring?
- 3
- 4
- 6
- 10
- 4
This is chelated to the porphyrin ring to form heme.
- Calcium
- Iron
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
Iron
Which type of porphyria is not considered chronic?
- Hereditary coproporphyria
- Congenital erythroportic porphyria
- Erythroportic porphyria
- Porphyria cutanea tarda
Hereditary coproporphyria
Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen that may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of the porphyrias?
- Caraway test
- Gutman test
- Jendreassik- Grok test
- Watson-Schwartz test
Watson-Schwartz test
The most common abnormalities in the structure of hemoglobin is:
- Amino acid deletions
- Elongated hemoglobin chains
- Fused or hybrid chains
- Amino acid substitutions
Amino acid substitutions
Put in the order of electrophoretic mobility (slowest to fastest) on cellulose acetate.
Hemoglobin C, Hemoglobin S, Hemoglobin F, Hemoglobin A
Which of the following hormones is responsible for the stimulation of ductal epithelial cell secretion of bicarbonate?
- Gastrin
- Secretin
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Insulin
Secretin
If this area of the pancreas becomes affected by cancer there is high potential that it will go undetected and lead to greater morbidity and mortality in the patient.
- Head
- Body
- Neck
- Tail
Tail
—
The tail is the smallest portion of the pancreas, and by the time symptoms manifest the cancer will have already spread throughout the pancreas and possibly metastasize to other parts of the body making it potentially fatal.
Which of the following is not true regarding normal pancreatic fluid?
- It is clear, colorless, and watery
- It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
- It maintains an alkaline pH
- It has the same concentration of potassium and sodium as serum
It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
The hormone responsible for the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas is:
- Cholecystokinin
- Secretin
- Ghrelin
- Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) hormone
Cholecystokinin
True or False: The exocrine function of the pancreas includes the production of insulin and glucagon.
False
The recommended specimen requirement for steatorrhea is a:
- 12-stool collection
- 24-hour stool collection
- 48 hour stool collection
- 72 hour stool collection
72 hour stool collection
True or False: In patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal fat is often decreased and fecal enzymes are increased.
False
True or False: The Ampulla of Vater is where the pancreas and stomach join together.
True
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Alpha
Glucagon
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Beta
Insulin
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Delta
Somatostain
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Gamma
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Epsilon
Ghrelin
This test may be used because it is a non-invasive, indirect indicator of moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
- Fecal Fat — Sudan staining
- Fecal chymotrypsin
- Fecal elastase-1
- Cholecystokinin
Fecal elastase-1
True or False: There are no associated risks with using TPN for patients who need it.
False
Match the term with the description:
A diet deficient in protein and calories is…
Marasmus or Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Match the term with the description:
A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories
Marasmus or Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor
True or False: Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity .
False
Which of these vitamins is water soluble? Select all correct answers.
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin C
This deficiency in this vitamin is associated with hair loss, anorexia, and depression. It is often found in hair products and supplements. Taking supplements that contain this may cause interference with certain test assays.
- Vitamin A (retinol)
- Vitamin B3 (niacin)
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Select the two most common tests run to differentiate the reason behind a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.
- Folate
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin B12
-Folate
- Vitamin B12
True or False: Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.
False
—
water soluble is not stored
water insoluble if stored can have a risk of toxicity
If you had the following lab results, what would condition would you expect to see:
Transferrin increased, Ferritin decreased, % saturation decreased, TIBC increased
- Iron overdose
- Iron deficiency
- Malnutrition
- Chronic infection
Iron deficiency
This is the theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
TIBC
This is the major iron storage protein for the body
Ferritin
This is the primary plasma iron transport protein
Transferrin
This is Fe3+ bound to transferrin
Serum iron
This is known as the Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
This is known as the Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
This element is widely used in industrial and household ways, and interferes with enzyme activity. It is associated with encephalopathy, anemia, bone disease and progressive dementia. It is excreted mainly in the urine.
- Copper
- Aluminum
- Cadmium
- Arsenic
Aluminum
An employee at a local glass blowing manufacturing facility is admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital due to severe anxiety and constant bouts of compulsive laughing and crying. Given these symptoms, what kind of heavy metal toxicity should be expected?
- Manganese
- Mercury
- Molybdenum
- Selenium
Manganese
Over the decades, this element has been considered a toxic element, a carcinogen, essential element, and an anti-carcinogen. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.
- Zinc
- Selenium
- Copper
- Molybdenum
Selenium
This heavy metal has both an essential form and a toxic, nonessential form. When absorbed it will be bound by transferrin and transported by albumin.
- Chromium
- Cadmium
- Copper
- Aluminum
Chromium
