E1 Flashcards
A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?
- Idiopathic hyperthyroiditis
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- A normal thyroid
- Grave’s disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:
-TSH
-FT4
-Reverse T3
-Total T4
TSH
What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?
- Albumin
- Thyroxine binding pre-albumin
- Thyroxine binding globulin
- Thyroglobulin
Thyroxine binding globulin
What is the diagnosis for TSH increased, T4 decrease?
Hypothyroidism
What is the diagnosis for TSH decreased, T4 normal?
Subclinical hypothyroidism
What is the diagnosis for TSH decreased, T4 increased?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the diagnosis for TSH increased, T4 normal?
Subclinical hypothyroidism
Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what areas of the thyroid gland?
- Epithelial cell wall of the follicule
- Lumina of the follicle
- Isthus of the thyroid gland
- Extracellular space of the thyroid gland
Lumina of the follicle
How is the majority of reverse T3 (rT3) made?
- Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues
- Monodeiondination of T3 in peripheral tissues
- From T3 in the thyroid gland
- From thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland
Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues
True or False: The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.
True
True or False: T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than FT3 and FT4.
False
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Grave’s disease
- Pituitary tumor
- Radiation therapy
Grave’s disease
True or False: An effective way to see if the thyroid gland is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evaluation.
True
True or False: The most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
True
Acetylcholinesterase is not diagnostic for:
- Anencephaly
- Trisomy 21
- Open spina bifida
- Abdominal wall defects
Trisomy 21
Which test is a valuable first trimester screening test?
- Pregnancy associated plasma protein A
- Fetal fibronectin
- Maternal alpha fetoprotein
- Multiples of median
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A
What is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver?
- Inhibin A
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Unconjugated estriol
- Alpha fetoprotein
Alpha fetoprotein
HCG is structurally similar to which hormone?
- TSH
- FT4
- Cortisol
- ACTH
TSH
Which of the following increases during pregnancy:
- Protein catabolism
- Plasma volume
- Calcium
- Iron
Plasma volume
A cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called a:
- Zygote
- Embryo
- Blastocyte
- Fetus
Embryo
During pregnancy, the second trimester, hCG levels ________.
- Increase
- Decrease
- Return to pre-pregnancy levels
- Decrease
Decrease
A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:
- A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
- Possible neural tube defects, including spina bifida
- Possible multiple birth
- Possible trisomy disorder, including Down Syndrome
A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?
- Alpha-1 fetoprotein
- Unconjugated estriol
- Progesterone
- hCG
Progesterone
A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?
- Neural tube defects
- Trisomy abnormalities like Down Syndrome
- This is a normal pregnancy
- Non of the above
Neural tube defects
True or False: The major growth factor induced by Growth Hormone is IGF-2
False
Which common substrate is used in biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?
- Cortisol
- Catecholamines
- Progesterone
- Cholesterol
Cholesterol
What hormones acts as an inhibiting hormone to Growth Hormones?
- Dopamine
- IGF-1
- Somatostatin
- Inhibin
Somatostatin
Which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH?
- Dopamine
- ACTH
- GH
- None of the above
None of the above
What is the tissue of origin of ACTH?
Anterior pituitary
What is the tissue of origin of Aldosterone?
Adrenal cortex
What is the tissue of origin of Epinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
What is the tissue of origin of FSH?
Anterior pituitary
What is the tissue of origin of Cortisol?
Adrenal cortex
What is the tissue of origin of Arginine vasopressin?
Posterior pituitary
What is the tissue of origin of Growth hormone?
Anterior pituitary
What is the tissue of origin of GnRH?
Hypothalamus
What is the tissue of origin of Dopamine?
Adrenal medulla
What is the tissue of origin of T3?
Thyroid gland
Which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH?
- Dopamine
- Somatostatin
- Growth hormone releasing hormone
- Corticotropic releasing hormone
Somatostatin
Which tissue does TRH acts on?
Pituitary
Which tissue does TSH acts on?
Thyroid
Which tissue does ACTH acts on?
Adrenal gland
Which tissue does LH acts on?
Gonads
What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin?
- Dopamine
- Growth hormone
- IGF-1
- Epinephrine
Dopamine
_______ failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone.
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Primary
Which is not a cause of hypopituitarism?
- Trauma
- Infection
- Idiopathic
- Surgery
- All are causes of hypopituitarism
All are causes of hypopituitarism
The major action of _____ is to regulate free water excretion.
- Oxytocin
- Dopamine
- Arginine vasopressin
- Prolactin
Arginine vasopressin
Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with it’s major hormone
Zona glomerulosa
Aldosterone
Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with it’s major hormone
Zona reticularis
Androgens
Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with it’s major hormone
Zona fasciculata
Cortisol
A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:
- Turner Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Hirsutism
- Hashimoto’s
Klinefelter Syndrome
_______ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle.
- FSH
- LH
- Testosterone
- Progesterone
Progesterone
Which of the following tissues doesn’t not secrete steroid hormones?
- Ovaries
- Pituitary gland
- Testes
- Adrenal cortex
Pituitary gland
This hormone converts glycogen to glucose
Epinephrine
This hormone affects vascular smooth muscle and heart
Norepinephrine
This hormone is a neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system
Dopamine
A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?
- Right before ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
- After ovulation, progesterone rapidly decreases
- After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
- There is a gradual, steady increase in progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle.
After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?
- LH
- GH
- Prolactin
- ACTH
LH
Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were all below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:
- A normal finding
- Cushing Syndrome
- Addison’s disease
- Hyperpituitarism
Addison’s disease
Homovanillic acid is the metabolite of _________.
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
- Vanillylmandelic acid
Dopamine
The major action of angiotensin II is:
- Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
- Increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin
- Decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
- Increased secretion of thyroid hormone
Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:
- Addison’s disease
- Conn’s syndrome
- Grave’s disease
- Cushing syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome
A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineralocorticoids
- DHEA
- All of the above
Glucocorticoids
