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1) Chem 2 - I,II,III > E1 > Flashcards

E1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?

  • Idiopathic hyperthyroiditis
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  • A normal thyroid
  • Grave’s disease
A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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2
Q

The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:

-TSH
-FT4
-Reverse T3
-Total T4

A

TSH

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3
Q

What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?

  • Albumin
  • Thyroxine binding pre-albumin
  • Thyroxine binding globulin
  • Thyroglobulin
A

Thyroxine binding globulin

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis for TSH increased, T4 decrease?

A

Hypothyroidism

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5
Q

What is the diagnosis for TSH decreased, T4 normal?

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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6
Q

What is the diagnosis for TSH decreased, T4 increased?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis for TSH increased, T4 normal?

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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8
Q

Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what areas of the thyroid gland?

  • Epithelial cell wall of the follicule
  • Lumina of the follicle
  • Isthus of the thyroid gland
  • Extracellular space of the thyroid gland
A

Lumina of the follicle

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9
Q

How is the majority of reverse T3 (rT3) made?

  • Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues
  • Monodeiondination of T3 in peripheral tissues
  • From T3 in the thyroid gland
  • From thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland
A

Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues

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10
Q

True or False: The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than FT3 and FT4.

A

False

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12
Q

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:

  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  • Grave’s disease
  • Pituitary tumor
  • Radiation therapy
A

Grave’s disease

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13
Q

True or False: An effective way to see if the thyroid gland is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evaluation.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False: The most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

A

True

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15
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is not diagnostic for:

  • Anencephaly
  • Trisomy 21
  • Open spina bifida
  • Abdominal wall defects
A

Trisomy 21

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16
Q

Which test is a valuable first trimester screening test?

  • Pregnancy associated plasma protein A
  • Fetal fibronectin
  • Maternal alpha fetoprotein
  • Multiples of median
A

Pregnancy associated plasma protein A

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17
Q

What is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver?

  • Inhibin A
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Unconjugated estriol
  • Alpha fetoprotein
A

Alpha fetoprotein

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18
Q

HCG is structurally similar to which hormone?

  • TSH
  • FT4
  • Cortisol
  • ACTH
A

TSH

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19
Q

Which of the following increases during pregnancy:

  • Protein catabolism
  • Plasma volume
  • Calcium
  • Iron
A

Plasma volume

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20
Q

A cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called a:

  • Zygote
  • Embryo
  • Blastocyte
  • Fetus
A

Embryo

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21
Q

During pregnancy, the second trimester, hCG levels ________.

  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Return to pre-pregnancy levels
  • Decrease
A

Decrease

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22
Q

A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:

  • A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
  • Possible neural tube defects, including spina bifida
  • Possible multiple birth
  • Possible trisomy disorder, including Down Syndrome
A

A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation

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23
Q

Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?

  • Alpha-1 fetoprotein
  • Unconjugated estriol
  • Progesterone
  • hCG
A

Progesterone

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24
Q

A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?

  • Neural tube defects
  • Trisomy abnormalities like Down Syndrome
  • This is a normal pregnancy
  • Non of the above
A

Neural tube defects

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25
Q

True or False: The major growth factor induced by Growth Hormone is IGF-2

A

False

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26
Q

Which common substrate is used in biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?

  • Cortisol
  • Catecholamines
  • Progesterone
  • Cholesterol
A

Cholesterol

27
Q

What hormones acts as an inhibiting hormone to Growth Hormones?

  • Dopamine
  • IGF-1
  • Somatostatin
  • Inhibin
A

Somatostatin

28
Q

Which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH?

  • Dopamine
  • ACTH
  • GH
  • None of the above
A

None of the above

29
Q

What is the tissue of origin of ACTH?

A

Anterior pituitary

30
Q

What is the tissue of origin of Aldosterone?

A

Adrenal cortex

31
Q

What is the tissue of origin of Epinephrine?

A

Adrenal medulla

32
Q

What is the tissue of origin of FSH?

A

Anterior pituitary

33
Q

What is the tissue of origin of Cortisol?

A

Adrenal cortex

34
Q

What is the tissue of origin of Arginine vasopressin?

A

Posterior pituitary

35
Q

What is the tissue of origin of Growth hormone?

A

Anterior pituitary

36
Q

What is the tissue of origin of GnRH?

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

What is the tissue of origin of Dopamine?

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

What is the tissue of origin of T3?

A

Thyroid gland

39
Q

Which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH?

  • Dopamine
  • Somatostatin
  • Growth hormone releasing hormone
  • Corticotropic releasing hormone
A

Somatostatin

40
Q

Which tissue does TRH acts on?

A

Pituitary

41
Q

Which tissue does TSH acts on?

A

Thyroid

42
Q

Which tissue does ACTH acts on?

A

Adrenal gland

43
Q

Which tissue does LH acts on?

A

Gonads

44
Q

What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin?

  • Dopamine
  • Growth hormone
  • IGF-1
  • Epinephrine
A

Dopamine

45
Q

_______ failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone.

  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
A

Primary

46
Q

Which is not a cause of hypopituitarism?

  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Idiopathic
  • Surgery
  • All are causes of hypopituitarism
A

All are causes of hypopituitarism

47
Q

The major action of _____ is to regulate free water excretion.

  • Oxytocin
  • Dopamine
  • Arginine vasopressin
  • Prolactin
A

Arginine vasopressin

48
Q

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with it’s major hormone

Zona glomerulosa

A

Aldosterone

49
Q

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with it’s major hormone

Zona reticularis

A

Androgens

50
Q

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with it’s major hormone

Zona fasciculata

A

Cortisol

51
Q

A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:

  • Turner Syndrome
  • Klinefelter Syndrome
  • Hirsutism
  • Hashimoto’s
A

Klinefelter Syndrome

52
Q

_______ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle.

  • FSH
  • LH
  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
A

Progesterone

53
Q

Which of the following tissues doesn’t not secrete steroid hormones?

  • Ovaries
  • Pituitary gland
  • Testes
  • Adrenal cortex
A

Pituitary gland

54
Q

This hormone converts glycogen to glucose

A

Epinephrine

55
Q

This hormone affects vascular smooth muscle and heart

A

Norepinephrine

56
Q

This hormone is a neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

A

Dopamine

57
Q

A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?

  • Right before ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
  • After ovulation, progesterone rapidly decreases
  • After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
  • There is a gradual, steady increase in progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle.
A

After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases

58
Q

An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?

  • LH
  • GH
  • Prolactin
  • ACTH
A

LH

59
Q

Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were all below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:

  • A normal finding
  • Cushing Syndrome
  • Addison’s disease
  • Hyperpituitarism
A

Addison’s disease

60
Q

Homovanillic acid is the metabolite of _________.

  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
  • Vanillylmandelic acid
A

Dopamine

61
Q

The major action of angiotensin II is:

  • Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
  • Increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin
  • Decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
  • Increased secretion of thyroid hormone
A

Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

62
Q

A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:

  • Addison’s disease
  • Conn’s syndrome
  • Grave’s disease
  • Cushing syndrome
A

Cushing’s syndrome

63
Q

A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?

  • Glucocorticoids
  • Mineralocorticoids
  • DHEA
  • All of the above
A

Glucocorticoids

64
Q
A

1) Chem 2 - I,II,III (3 decks)

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