E2L3 - Sleep Disorders (Dr. Nidhi Undevia)

Question 1

Define sleep.

Answer 1

Sleep: a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environment3

Question 2

3 Physiological Properties of sleeping state.

Answer 2

1. Dominance of parasympathetic system
2. Lower Temp set-point
3. Decreased ventilation

Question 3

T/F: all mammals have REM sleep that tends to INCREASE with age

Answer 3

False. Quantity of REM sleep decreases with age.

Question 4

What’s the REM:NREM ratio for infants?

Answer 4

50:50

Question 5

Whats the REM:NREM ratio for adults?

Answer 5

25:75

Question 6

Name 3 changes in sleep as you get older

Answer 6

1. Quantity of total sleep decreases
2. Quantity or REM sleep decreases
3. Sleep gradually becomes polarized to night-time (as opposed to periodic day naps)

Question 7

INCOMPLETE

Need a flashcard for slide 14. Something was important regarding adults entering REM through NREM, whereas infants going directly to REM.

Answer 7

TBD…give me a few moments here.

Question 8

Describe the “homeostatic sleep drive” model of sleep

Answer 8

Sleep responses are proportional to the duration of prior wakefulness. The harder and longer you’re awake, the harder and longer you’ll sleep to make up for it.

Question 9

True or False:

When isolated from time cues such as sunlight, most creatures show INTRINSIC rhythms of nearly, but rarely exactly, 24 hours.

Answer 9

True.

This was evidenced by the plant in box experiment. The plant didn’t have light, but it still acted as if it was in front of a window.

Question 10

Where is the circadian pacemaker located in brain?

Answer 10

Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

Question 11

Why does it make sense that the SCN is located right behind the optic tracts?

Answer 11

It’s influenced by photic “Zeitgebers” (stimuli)

Question 12

Name 2 models of sleep regulation

Answer 12

1. Two process model
2. Opponent Process Model

(need to look into this more)

Question 13

Name 4 ways to test sleep

Answer 13

1. Polysomnography
2. Multiple Sleep Latency Test
3. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
4. Actigraphy

Question 14

How many stages of NREM sleep are there?

Answer 14

NREM 1
NREM 2
NREM 3

Question 15

Which test is this?

• Designed to test the patent’s ability to stay awake
• The patient is seated upright in bed in a dimly lighted room and asked to stay awake for 40 minutes
• Test is repeated 4 times throughout the day

Answer 15

Maintenance of Wakefulness Test

Question 16

How do you diagnose Sleep Apnea (gold standard test)?

Answer 16

Polysomnography

Question 17

Restless Leg Syndrome. What acronym?

Answer 17

U - unpleasant urge to move
R - symptoms precipitated by rest
G - better when getting up
E - worse in evenings

Question 18

What MSLT findings diagnose narcolepsy?

Answer 18

Mean sleep latency < 5 min

2 or more REM periods in 5 naps

Question 19

Undesirable physical events or experiences that arise from sleep, or sleep/wake transition

Answer 19

Parasomnia

Question 20

Unlike in “sleep terrors”, sleep-related eating disorders occur ___________.

Answer 20

Women > Men