E2L3 - Sleep Disorders (Dr. Nidhi Undevia) Flashcards

1
Q

Define sleep.

A

Sleep: a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environment3

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2
Q

3 Physiological Properties of sleeping state.

A
  1. Dominance of parasympathetic system
  2. Lower Temp set-point
  3. Decreased ventilation
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3
Q

T/F: all mammals have REM sleep that tends to INCREASE with age

A

False. Quantity of REM sleep decreases with age.

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4
Q

What’s the REM:NREM ratio for infants?

A

50:50

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5
Q

Whats the REM:NREM ratio for adults?

A

25:75

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6
Q

Name 3 changes in sleep as you get older

A
  1. Quantity of total sleep decreases
  2. Quantity or REM sleep decreases
  3. Sleep gradually becomes polarized to night-time (as opposed to periodic day naps)
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7
Q

INCOMPLETE

Need a flashcard for slide 14. Something was important regarding adults entering REM through NREM, whereas infants going directly to REM.

A

TBD…give me a few moments here.

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8
Q

Describe the “homeostatic sleep drive” model of sleep

A

Sleep responses are proportional to the duration of prior wakefulness. The harder and longer you’re awake, the harder and longer you’ll sleep to make up for it.

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9
Q

True or False:

When isolated from time cues such as sunlight, most creatures show INTRINSIC rhythms of nearly, but rarely exactly, 24 hours.

A

True.

This was evidenced by the plant in box experiment. The plant didn’t have light, but it still acted as if it was in front of a window.

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10
Q

Where is the circadian pacemaker located in brain?

A

Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

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11
Q

Why does it make sense that the SCN is located right behind the optic tracts?

A

It’s influenced by photic “Zeitgebers” (stimuli)

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12
Q

Name 2 models of sleep regulation

A
  1. Two process model
  2. Opponent Process Model

(need to look into this more)

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13
Q

Name 4 ways to test sleep

A
  1. Polysomnography
  2. Multiple Sleep Latency Test
  3. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
  4. Actigraphy
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14
Q

How many stages of NREM sleep are there?

A

NREM 1
NREM 2
NREM 3

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15
Q

Which test is this?

  • Designed to test the patent’s ability to stay awake
  • The patient is seated upright in bed in a dimly lighted room and asked to stay awake for 40 minutes
  • Test is repeated 4 times throughout the day
A

Maintenance of Wakefulness Test

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16
Q

How do you diagnose Sleep Apnea (gold standard test)?

A

Polysomnography

17
Q

Restless Leg Syndrome. What acronym?

A

U - unpleasant urge to move
R - symptoms precipitated by rest
G - better when getting up
E - worse in evenings

18
Q

What MSLT findings diagnose narcolepsy?

A

Mean sleep latency < 5 min

2 or more REM periods in 5 naps

19
Q

Undesirable physical events or experiences that arise from sleep, or sleep/wake transition

A

Parasomnia

20
Q

Unlike in “sleep terrors”, sleep-related eating disorders occur ___________.

A

Women > Men