E2L1 - Psych of Pt. Behavior (Dr. Kate Goldhaber, pt 1)

Question 1

T/F: Albert Einstein COM (2013) found that people attributed their miscarriages to chromosomal abnormalities.

Answer 1

F: Many people misattributed miscarriages to other non-medical, psychological factors. Many women blamed themselves.

Question 2

Name 7 Health factors for longevity, predicted by the Alameda County Landmark study

Answer 2

1. 7-8 hrs. sleep 2. No eating btwn meals 3. Regular breakfast 4. Proper weight 5. Reg. exercise 6. Moderate/no alcohol 7. No smoking

Question 3

Name 7 Health Behavioral Models

Answer 3

1. Health belief model 2. Social Cognitive Theory 3. Theory of Reasoned action/Planned behavior 4. Self Determination 5. Trans-theoretical 6. Common Sense

Question 4

The likelihood that someone would take action to prevent illness depends on his/her perception that:

Answer 4

1. He/she is vulnerable to the condition 2. the consequences of the condition would be serious 3. The precautionary behavior effectively prevents the condition 4. The benefits of reducing the threat of the condition exceed the costs for taking actions

Question 5

Which model emphasizes the INTERPLAY between personal environment and social factors?

Answer 5

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

Question 6

What is a major feature of the social cognitive theory SCT?

Answer 6

Self-efficacy: the belief that you can change a behavior (self-confidence)

Question 7

What 4 factors influence self-efficacy, or the confidence one has to do affect behavior?

Answer 7

1. Persuasion by others 2. Observing others 3. Past experience 4. Direct physiological feedback

Question 8

Which is more predictive of future behavior: past behavior, or self-efficacy?

Answer 8

Self-efficacy. Big idea!

Question 9

Which model proposes quasi-mathematical relationships between beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behaviors?

Answer 9

Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) & Planned Behavior (TPB)

Question 10

TRA/TPB relies on what two underlying assumptions?

Answer 10

1. People are rational 2. Behavior is under volitional control

Question 11

Which model emphasizes the role of INTENTION, as preceding behavior?

Answer 11

TRA/TPB

Question 12

“The likelihood that an individual will engage in a health risk reduction depends on how much he/she is convinced that health behaviors will prevent risk, and the degree to which he/she perceives that the benefits outweigh the costs” Which model?

Answer 12

TRA/TPB Note: unlike SCT, which says the likelihood is most influenced by SELF-EFFICACY.

Question 13

Self-Determination Theory posits what three needs, that provide the optimal conditions for motivation?

Answer 13

The need for 1. Competence 2. Relatedness 3. Autonomy

Question 14

Name 2 classes of motivation.

Answer 14

1. Intrinsic motivation: the action is its own reward 2. Extrinsic motivation: the action is valuable insofar as it produces a given effect

Question 15

Which motivation is more compelling for patients?

Answer 15

Intrinsic motivations

Question 16

Which model emphasizes the importance of PROCESS?

Answer 16

Trans-Theoretical Model of Behavior Chance (TTM)

Question 17

Which model is this: People change incrementally in stages, and they do not move linearly from stage to stage (typically they progress and then recycle back to previous stage before moving forward again)

Answer 17

TTM

Question 18

What are the 5 stages described by the TTM model?

Answer 18

1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance

Question 19

Which phase in the TTM model is described by: “The person is not even considering changing. They may be “in denial” about their health problem, or not consider it serious. They may have tried unsuccessfully to change so many times that they have given up.”

Answer 19

Pre-contemplation (stage 1)

Question 20

Which phase in the TTM model is described by: The person is AMBIVALENT about changing. During this stage, the person weighs benefits versus costs or barriers (e.g., time, expense, bother, fear).

Answer 20

Contemplation (stage 2)

Question 21

Which phase in the TTM model is described by: “The person is prepared to experiment with small changes and learn what would be necessary for permanent change.”

Answer 21

Preparation (stage 3)

Question 22

Which phase in the TTM model is described by: “The person takes definitive action to change behavior”

Answer 22

Action (stage 4)

Question 23

Which phase in the TTM model is described by: The person strives to maintain the new behavior over the long term.

Answer 23

Maintenance and Relapse prevention (stage 5)

Question 24

In the Common Sense Model, people develop “common sense” understandings of their illness or diagnosis called ____________.

Answer 24

Illness representations

Question 25

What is “appraisal”?

Answer 25

An expected outcome

Question 26

In the common sense model (CSM) what is most predictive of health behaviors? A. intention B. Self-efficacy C. Illness representation D. Extrinsic motivation

Answer 26

C. Illness representation

Question 27

Which model is this?

Question 28

Which model is this?

Question 29

Which model is this?

Answer 29

Theory of Planned Behavior

Question 30

Which model is this?

Question 31

Which model is this?

Question 32

Which model is this?

Answer 32

Common Sense Model

Question 33

Which model is this?