E145 Limits Flashcards
Maximum altitude for operation after an inflight depressurization
10,000 feet MSL unless MEA or other constraints require a higher altitude.
Maximum operating airspeed
VMO/MMO 320/.78
Note: Do not deliberately exceed VMO/MMO in any regime of flight (climb, cruise or descent)
Maximum Operating (KIAS) 8000 to 10,000 Pressure Altitude
Red Line
Maximum Operating (KIAS) up to 8,000 Pressure Altitude
250 KIAS
Maximum Turbulence Penetration (VB/MB)
250/.63 which ever is lower. 200 at or below 10,000 ft.
Maximum Maneuvering (VA)
200 KIAS
Full application of rudder and ailerons, and maneuvers involving angle of attack near stall, must be confined to speeds below VA.
Landing Gear Extension (VLOE)
Landing Gear Extended (VLE)
Landing Gear Retraction (VLOR)
250 KIAS
250 KIAS
200 KIAS
Flap speeds
9 - 250
18 - 200
22 - 200
45 - 145*
*Momentary excursions of 155 are allowed
*Steady operation over 145 are not allowed and must be entered in AML.
Maximum wiper operating speed
160 KIAS
What is the CAUTION with regards to the rudder.
A full or nearly full rudder deflection in one direction followed by a full or nearly full deflection in the other direction, even at speeds below the design maneuvering speed, can dramatically increase the risk of structural failure of the vertical stabilizer or the rudder.
Maximum Operating Altitude
37,000 ft.
Minimum and Maximum Takeoff & Landing Pressure Altitude
-1000 ft.
8000 ft.
Minimum Takeoff & Landing Temperature Limits
-40 C. SAT
NOTE: In the event of a landing below-40 C SAT, the aircraft may not takeoff without further maintenance inspection.
Minimum TAT in cruise flight
TAT in cruise flight above 25,000 ft is limited to -45 C.
Icing Definition - On the Ground and for Takeoff (with Visible Moisture)
Icing conditions exist when the OAT is 10 C or below AND visible moisture in any form is present (such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet and ice crystals).
Icing Definition - On the Ground and for Takeoff (without Visible Moisture)
Icing conditions also exist when the OAT is 10 C or below when operating on ramps, taxiways or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water or slush may be ingested by the engines, or freeze on engines, nacelles or engine sensor probes.
What is the CAUTION that comes with the Icing Definition on the Ground or for Takeoff?
On the ground, do NOT rely on visual icing evidence or ice detector actuation to turn on the Anti-Icing System. Use the temperature and visual moisture criteria as specified above. Delaying the use of the Anti-Icing System until ice build-up is visible from the flight deck may result in ice ingestion and possible engine flameout.
Icing Definition - In Flight
Icing conditions may exist whenever the Total Air Temperature (TAT), is 10 C or below AND visible moisture in any form is present (such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet and ice crystals).
What is the CAUTION that comes with the Icing Definition In Flight?
Notwithstanding ice detector monitoring, the crew remains responsible for monitoring potential icing conditions and for manual activation of the Ice Protection System if icing conditions are present (known icing) and the Ice Detection System is not activating the Ice Protection System.
What are the Minimum & Maximum Temperatures for Manual Anti-Icing Operation AND what are the 2 NOTES that come with them?
-40 C & +10 C
NOTE: Use OAT on the ground or for takeoff
Use TAT for operations in flight
There is no temperature limitation for automatic Anti-Icing System operation.
What is TAT?
Total Air Temperature is the SAT (actual OAT) plus the temperature rise associated with high-speed flight due to heating of the air from compression. From a practical standpoint, TAT is the temperature the airplane’s skin feels, while SAT is the free air’s temperature (aka OAT). Temperature rise is proportional to the speed of the aircraft. At 0.8 Mach plus, an increase of 30 C can be expected which may be enough to prevent ice from forming.
When is a runway considered contaminated?
When more and 25% of the required field LENGTH, within the width being used, is covered by:
More than 1/8th inch of: standing water, slush or wet snow
More than 3/4th inch of dry snow.
Compacted Snow
Ice
Minimum Autopilot Engagement Height
500 ft.
Minimum Autopilot Disengagement Height
Instrument approach (APR or NAV mode): MDA/DA/DH Visual approach (HDG or NAV as noted): Traffic pattern altitude (1500 ft. AFL)
What is the limitation for single engine go around with the auto pilot
Single engine go-around with the autopilot engaged is prohibited. NOTE: Go-around ends at 1500 ft.
Can you do a single engine go around with the auto pilot on?
No.
When is the Yaw Damper not authorized
Takeoff to 500 ft. AFL
Landing
What are the APU Starter Limits
Cooling period:
Between 3 consecutive attempts: 1 min. OFF
Between 2 series of 3 consecutive attempts: 30 min. OFF
The a/c must not be moved until when
when the AHRS is in the initialization mode until all attitude and heading information presented on the PFD is displayed.
What is the maximum continuous EGT for the APU?
680 C
What is the engine cool down limit?
After Landing or High Power Runs: Run each engine for a minimum of one minute at idle or taxi thrust before shutdown.
What is the minimum dispatch oil quantity?
8 quarts before Engine Start or 7 quarts after Engine Start.
Engine Warm Up Prior to Takeoff Limits
Engine must be allowed to run at low thrust to stabilize engine temps before takeoff thrust is selected.
Run engine at idle or taxi 4 min for cold, 2 min for warm.
An engine is cold if shutdown more than 90 minutes.
Prior to increasing N2 above 83% engine oil temp must be 40 C.
In lieu of this you can run engine 8 minutes & temp in green range.
What engine indication must you see before running the engine past what to meet the warm up requirement?
Engine oil temp must be a minimum of 40 C before increasing N2 above 83%.
Operating Limits T/O-1 (A1 engine)
ITT 948 C
N1 100%
N2 57.0 - 102.4%
Operating Limits ALT T/O-1 (A1 engine)
ITT 917 C
N1 100%
N2 57.0 - 102.4%
Operating Limits Max Continuous Thrust
ITT 901 C
N1 100%
N2 57.0 - 102.4%
What is the maximum ITT for engine start?
800 C
What are the limits with regards to operating the engines in the amber range?
Oil pressure up to 115 psi for 5 minutes in all thrust modes
Above 115 psi to 155 psi for 2 minutes
Total time in amber range not to exceed 5 minutes
Operating in red range is not authorized
Any exceedance must be logged in AML.
What is the minimum oil temperature for starting?
-40 C
What is the minimum oil temperature for takeoff?
40 C. If oil temperature is less than 40 C perform Engine Warm Up Prior to Takeoff (8 min, oil temp in green range).
Engine Starter Limits
On Ground: Starting or Dry Motoring Up to 5 min ON, 5 min OFF - or - 1st to 4th Cycles: 1 min ON, 1 min OFF Following Cycles: 1 min ON, 5 min OFF
Maximum Altitude for Flap Extension
20,000 MSL
Maximum Airspeed after Takeoff/During Climb without Re-trimming
160 KIAS
Holding Configuration
Landing Gear & Flaps: UP Minimum Airspeed (potential icing conditions): 200 KIAS
What are thrust reversers intended for (ie limitation)
for use during rejected takeoff or landing only.
What is the limit after initiating reverse thrust?
After initiating reverse thrust, a full stop MUST be made.
MAXIMUM reverse thrust MUST be used:
Whenever its use will prevent a runway excursion.
When landing on runways with “Medium” or “Poor” braking action, unless the appropriate landing distance penalty [Flip Cards] is applied.
IDLE reverse MAY be used on:
Dry runways 9000 ft. or shorter usable length (LDA)
Non-Dry runways where braking action is “Good”
Thrust reverser use is PROHIBITED for:
Power-back operations
Taxi operations
Thrust levers stabilized in any intermediate position between IDLE revers and MAXIMUM reverse.
Demonstrated Crosswind
Takeoff & Landing: 30 kts.
Maximum Tailwind (T/O & Landing)
10 kts.
Maximum landing weight EMB 145
43,651 lbs.
Maximum landing weight EMB 140
41,226 lbs.
What cargo weight requires the use of the Horizontal Cargo Net?
Any weight in excess of 2,182 lbs.
IAE: Rapid Cabin Depressurization
Oxygen Masks: ON and 100%
Crew Communication: Establish
Emergency Descent: As Req
IAE: Cabin or Flight Deck Fire/Smoke/Fumes
Oxygen Masks: ON and 100%
Smoke Goggles: ON
RECIRC: OFF
Crew Communication: Establish
IAE: Aileron/Roll Trim Runaway
Quick Disconnect Button: Press and Hold
IAE: Uncommanded Swerving on Ground
Control the aircraft using differential brakes and rudder
Steering Handwheel: Do NOT Use
If unable to control the aircraft, as an additional action:
Steering Disengage Button: Press
Differential Reverse Thrust (if available): As Req
What is the first step (line) of the “Uncommanded Swerving on Ground” IAE
Control the aircraft using differential brakes and rudder
In the “Uncommanded Swerving on Ground” IAE, if unable to control the aircraft, as an additional action:
Steering Disengage Button: Press
Differential Reverse Thrust (if available): As Req
What is the caution that goes with the “Uncommanded Swerving on Ground” IAE?
Do NOT actuate the steering handle since it will reengage the steering system and will disable the 7 degree maximum nose wheel deflection protection. This may cause the nose wheel to be steered up to its limit and may exacerbate the swerving effect.
When are the crosswind limits other than 30 kts? Peak gusts or sustained?
For takeoff, if the runway is contaminated, the following limits apply:
Standing Water/Slush: 20 kts.
Snow (wet and dry): 20 kts.
Compacted Snow: 25 kts.
Ice: 10 kts.
All winds are predicated on the peak gust value.
What is the maximum crosswind component for a CAT II approach?
Maximum crosswind component including gusts: 15 kts.
If the RCC is less than 5/5/5, what type of landing must you make?
Flaps 45 … unless otherwise required by operational restrictions such as CAT II, MEL or Emergency/Abnormal procedures.
What RCC would cause you to have to do a Flaps 45 landing?
An RCC of less than 5/5/5 unless otherwise required by operational restrictions such as CAT II, MEL or Emergency/Abnormal procedures.
