E1- Viral Chlamydial Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
Who is most likely to get a cold (ARD) and have it most severe? And when is it hyperendemic?
Small children
Winter
What are the common agents believed to cause colds (ARD)?
Rhinoviruses
Conoraviruses
Adenoviruses and unknown viruses
Should zicam intranasal zinc remedies be used to treat ARD?
No, can loose sense of smell
Also colds are self limited and benign anyways
How are rhinovirses transmitted?
Hands*
Aerosols
Fomites
Why will quarantine for the rhinovirus never work?
Extends of a human carrier state is highly probable
How long does built up immunity to rhinovirus last?
Transient (18 months)
What severe condition is similar to Rhinovirus that usually seen in children and is similar to poliovirus?
Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Why do we not use Pleconaril to treat colds (ARD)?
Most of the time we don’t know the specific virus that is the causative agent
Dangerous side effects
What type of influenza is the worst?
A > B > C
How are influenza viruses named?
Type/location of discovery/year of isolation/antigenic type
How long is the incubation of influenza. How long does the illness persist?
Short incubation 1-2 days
Illness persists for about 1 week
What are three complications that we worry about with influenza?
Pulmonary (primary viral pneumonia, secondary bacteria pneumonia)
Reye’s syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome
A return of fever after getting better from influenza should alter you for what?
Secondary bacterial pneumonia
What are the causative agents of secondary bacterial pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) - least common bc of vaccines
What should you be cautious about with rapid antigen tests?
False negatives, especially early in course, low antigen levels may not yield a signal
What are some treatments for influenza?
Adamantanes (stops type A virus only)
Oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir (both type A and B viruses)
Xofluza
What is the major concern with influenza tx?
Drug resistance (new every year)
When should you initiate flu vaccinations?
Fall (October) before flu season begins
Who should receive a high potency and adjuvanted form of the influenza vaccination?
Elderly patients
What type of influenza vaccination do most receive?
Quadrivalent forms with 2 type A viruses and 2 type B viruses
What population needs 2 influenza vaccines in a year?
Children under 9
Where are flu vaccines grown? Why can this be an issue?
Chicken eggs
Allergies and production problems (viruses adapt to eggs and may not match circulating forms)
What are two basic types of antigenic variations?
Antigen drift
Antigen shift
What is it called when point mutations of H or N proteins make minor variations in organisms?
Antigenic drift
What is it called when recombination of the entire genome segments encoding the H or N gene?
Antigenic shift
Why are pandemics are unpredictable?
Unanticipated antigenic shifts
How does chlamydiae replicate?
Binary fission
What is most important to know about chlamydiae?
Infection form the mother through vaginal delivery can lead to infant pneumonia and eye demise
We tx all eyes prophylactically at birth
How do oseltamavir, zanamivir, and peramavir treat influenza?
They antagonize both A badd B viruses to stop the spread and release of the virus
How does XoFluza treat influenza?
Inhibits viral cap-dependent endonuclease
What are the two forms that Chlamydiae has?
Elementary body- an infectious non growing form responsible for dispersal
Reticulate body- growing form
Reiters syndrome often occurs after what kind of infection?
Infant pneumonia
What microbe is often associated with Atherosclerosis?
C. Pneumoniae
How are the serological variants of C. Trachomatis defined?
Major outer membrane proteins (MOMP)
What patients are at risk for developing Reye’s syndrome from the influenza virus?
Pediatric patients on long term aspirin therapy
