E1 Flashcards
Which of the following immunoglobulins is most efficient at causing direct hemmagluitnation?
- IgG
- IgM
- IgA
- IgE
IgM
What reaction grade would occur if compliment was activated?
- 4+ at room temperature
- 3+ at AHG
- Hemolysis
- Negative
Hemolysis
Some blood group antibodies may react stronger with the red cells of individuals who have inherited 2 identical alleles for the antigen to which the antibody is directed. This is known as:
- Post Zone effect
- Pro Zone effect
- Equivalence effect
- Dosage
Dosage
Patient plasma with donor rd cells produced an agglutination reaction of 1+. How do you interpret this?
- The reaction is weak, the patient can probably tolerate the donor cells.
- The donor blood is compatible with patient plasma
- The donor plasma is compatible with patient blood
- The donor blood is incompatible with patient plasma
The donor blood is incompatible with patient plasma
Which of the following occurs during storage of red blood cells?
- pH decreases
- 2, 3 DPG increases
- ATP increases
- Plasma K+ decreases
pH decreases
Which additive solution increases shelf life the longest, to 42 days?
- ACD-A
- CPDA-1
- CD2D
- AS-3
AS-3
A nurse just called to add on a cross match to a pretransfusion specimen you worked on 4 days ago. What is the most appropriate course of action?
- Check to see if there is enough volume in the original sample to complete the workup.
- Perform compatibility testing on the original specimen
- Indicate to the nurse that a new specimen need to be collected
- Repeat the type and screen testing on the original sample to see if the patient has made any antibodies after transfusion.
Indicate to the nurse that a new specimen needs to be collected for pretransfusion testing.
What test that you have learned counts as phenotype testing?
- ABO
- Antibody Screen
- IAT
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
ABO
The immunodominant sugar responsible for blood group A specificity is:
- Fucose
- N-acetyl galactosamine
- D-Galactose
- N-acetyl glucosamine
N-acetyl galactosamine
What property makes the ABO system the most significant for transfusion compatibility?
- Antibody ability to fix complement
- Low Distribution of antigen throughout the body
- Antibody is usually IgG
- All of the above
Antibody ability to fix complement
Which of the following statements is false?
- An individual with the BO genotype is homozygous for B antigen
- An individual with BB genotype is homozygous for B antigen
- An individual with OO genotype is homozygous for O antigen
- An individual with the AB phenotype is heterozygous for A and B antigens
An individual with the BO genotype is homozygous for B antigen
A mother is blood type O and a father is AB, what is the predicted percentage of offspring they would have that are blood type O?
- 0
- 25
- 50
- 100
0
A child is blood type as A, their biological sibling is O, their mother is blood type B, what is the father’s genotype?
- OO
- BO
- AO
- AB
AO
Anti-A: 4+
Anti-B: 0
Anti-D: 4+
A1 cell: 0
B cell: 0
Blood type: A pos
Assuming the interpretation is correct, Which result is in error?
- Anti-A
- Anti-B
- Anti-D
- A1 cell
- B cell
B cell
What is the blood type of the patient with the following serological reactions?
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 0
Control: 0
A1 cell: 4+
B cell: 4+
- AB
- A
-B - O
O
What is the most likely blood type of the patient with the following serological reactions?
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 2+ mf
Anti-A,B: 2+ mf
A1 cell: 4+
B cell: 0
- A2
- B3
- Bx
- Am
B3
Which of the following would NOT be a reasonable interpretation for these serological results.
Anti-A: 4+
Anti-B: 3+
Anti-A,B: 4+
A1 cell: 2+
B cell: 4+
- A1B with anti-I
- A2B with anti-A1
- AB2 with anti-B1
- O with cold agglutination
AB2 with anti-B1
—
B2 does not exist
Anti-A1 lectin is QC’d every day of use. It is used today, what two reagents are the best choice for positives and negatives controls?
- A1 cells and B cells
- B cells and O cells
- Anti-A and anti-B
- A1 cells and A2 cells
A1 cells and A2 cells
Which of the following ABO groups contains the least amount of H substance?
- A1
- A2
- B
- O
A1
O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B
Which blood type results would you see for a Bombay patient?
Becky: anti-A: 4+, anti-B: 4+, anti-D: 4+, A1 cell: 0, B cell: 0
Simone: anti-A: 4+, anti-B: 0, anti-D: 4+, A1 cell: 0, B cell: 4+
Carla: anti-A: 0, anti-B: 0, anti-D: 4+, A1 cell: 4+, B cell: 4+
Phi: anti-A: 0, anti-B: 0, anti-D: 0, A1 cell: 0, B cell: 0
-Becky
-Simone
-Carla
-Phi
Carla
—
Carla is O pos
A patient with hh, LeLe, sese, A genes will express what antigens on their red cells?
- A, H, Lea
- Lea only
- A and H only
- A, H, Lea, Leb
Lea only
—-
In order for it to be H it has to be capitalized HH
In order for it to be Lea and Leb, it has to be LeLe and SeSe or LeSe
What is the Rh blood group named for?
- its function on the cell
- the scientist who discovered it
- its position in the alphabet
- a monkey
a monkey
Which of the following is the most common Rh genotype in Asians?
- Dce/dce
- DCe/DCe
- DcE/dce
- DCe/dce
DCe/DCe
—
R1/R1 —> Laura’s explanation: just remember that the number one race car driver is an alpha romero. The really explanation is that 70% of asians are Dce.
(Choose all that apply) Which Rh system antibodies can an R0R0 patient make if they are immunized?
- anti-D
- anti-C
- anti-E
- anti-e
- anti-c
- anti-d
anti-C and anti-E
—
R0R0 —> Dce/Dce: Laura’s explanation. Since the patient is Dce/Dce, that means that they are only familiar with little c and little e. If they are immunized, they will make antibodies against what they don’t have, which would be anti-C and anti-E.
An individual has the following Rh phenotype: D+ C+ E- c+ e+ Using Fischer/Race terminology what is the most likely genotype if they are Causian?
- DCe/dce
- Dce/DcE
- Dce/DcE
- DCe/dcE
DCe/dce
A donor unit of which genotype would be acceptable to give to patient who has developed an anti-c?
-r’r
- R0R1
- R2r’
- R1r’
R1r’
—
Laura’s explanation: This patient has developed antibodies against little c. So that means the donor unit must not have little c in the blood or else there will be a transfusion reaction and that would be terrible. So from all of the choices, only R1r’ which is DCe/dCe does not provide little c in the blood. So we are in the clear from a transfusion reaction.
True or False: A partial D patient can make anti-D
True
Laura’s explanation: Partial D patient has almost all the parts to making anti-D. If they are transfused with D positive cells, this may help them develop an anti-D alloantibody a.k.a the part of the epitope that is missing.
Weak D cannot make D. It’s weak.
Which of the following Rh antigens has the highest frequency in caucasians?
- D
- E
- c
- e
e
Which statement is FALSE regarding antigens in the Rh system?
- D and d are an antithetical pair
- C and c are an antithetical pair
- E and e are an antiterhical pair
- f is the combination of ce from one haplotype
D and dd are an antithetical pair
In which patient population is it most important to identify partial D?
- Cardiac
- Elderly
- Prenatal
- Sickle cell Disease
-Prenatal
Cells carrying a weak D antigen require the use of what test to demonstrate its presence?
- Direct Antiglobulin Test
- Indirect Antiglonulin Test
- Microplate Test
- Warm autoadsorption
Indirect Antiglobulin Test
—
This test detects antibodies in the serum (that are floating around ) - We need enhancement to actually find it, so incubation period, AGH!
Which property does anti-D share with anti-B?
- Immunoglobulin subclass
- Preferred reactive temperature
- Immune stimulation trigger
- Ability to cause transfusion reaction
Ability to cause transaction reaction
Which of the following is not true about Rh null cells?
- Typically Rhag negative
- Shaped like Stomatocytes
- Shaped like Acanthocytes
- Don’t have D, C, c, e, or E antigens
Shaped like Acanthocytes
—
Rh null cells are shaped stomatocytes = mouth like, not spiky
A woman types as Rh positive. She has anti-c titer of 32. Her baby has a negative DAT and is not affected by HDN. What is the father’s most likely rh genotype?
- rr
- r”r
- R1r
- R2r
R1r
—
Laura’s Explanation: The patient has anti-D and since she has a anti-c titer of 32. That means the patient has antibodies that fight off against little c. So the mother has to have DCe/DcE as her Rh.
If the baby has a negative DAT, that means that there was no agglutination at AHG and there was no hemolytic reaction of the newborn, so the baby must have have anti-D and anti-C in their blood. So from all of the choices, the only one that has the big D and big C is R1r.
You are running a paternity test for a mother who has birthed fraternal twins. You being testing with ABO and Rh phenotype for all. The following are the results:
Mother: O D+C+c-E-e+
Twin A: A D+C+c-E-e+
Twin B A D+C+c+E+e+
What must the father Rh genotype be?
-R1R1
- R2R2
- R1R0
- R1R2
R1R2
To answer this question, enter results numerically in whole numbers rounded to 1 significant figure:
Help the student you are training to find blood compatible for your patient with an anti-E. You walk them to the frequency chart to look up the frequency of E antigen in the general population. It is roughly ______%. Blood compatible for an antigen of this frequency is _____%. To be sure you find one unit of compatible blood you would type ______ ABO compatible units for the E antigen.
- 70
- 30
- 3
In IAT tests, RBC, must be washed in saline 4 times before the addition of AHG reagent in order to:
- Wash away any hemolyzed cells
- Remove traces of free serum globulins
- Neutralized any excess AHG reagent
- Increase the antibody binding of antigen
Remove traces of free serum globulins
Which of the following reagents is used to facilitate hemagglutination following sensitization of red cells with an IgG alloantibody?
- anti-human globulin
- Low ionic strength solution
- Poly ethylene glycol
- 22% bovine albumin
anti-human globulin
Interpret the following test results:
SCI - IS: 0, 37C: 0, AHG: 0, CC: 0
SC2 - IS: 0, 37C: 0, AHG: 0, CC: 0
SC3 - IS: 0, 37C: 0, AHG: 0, CC: 0
- Positive
- Negative
- Invalid
Invalid
Which of the following terms refers to the net negative charge surrounding red blood cells?
- Dielectric constant
- Van der Waals forces
- Hydrogen bonding
- Zeta Potential
Zeta Potential
Who developed the indirect anti globulin test for “incomplete” antibody detection?
- Orwell
- Landsteiner
- Weiner
- Coombs
Coombs
Interpret the following serological results:
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 2+
Anti-D: 2+
A1 cell: 4+
B cell: 0
B pos
What follow up testing might you perform to complete this work up this patient is a baby?
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 2+
Anti-D: 0
- Saline Control
- Reverse Type testing
- Weak D test
- Antibody Screen
- Weak D test
Interpret the following serological results.
Anti-A: 0
Anti-B: 0
Anti-D: 0
A1 cell: 4+
B cell: 0
- A pos
- B pos
- O pos
- AB pos
- A neg
- B neg
- O neg
- AB neg
- ABO Discrepancy
ABO discrepancy
