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2ndMastery#11 > E-Sci: Rocks and Minerals > Flashcards

E-Sci: Rocks and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Homogenous naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes.

A

Minerals

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2
Q

Minerals has? (3)

A

: Characteristic chemical composition
: Highly ordered atomic structure
: specific physical properties

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3
Q

About __ minerals make up more than __% of all rocks in the Earth’s crust. (2)

A

: 20 minerals
: 95% of all rocks

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4
Q

Minerals are formed where, how, when? (3)

A

: Earth’s mantle, near the surface
: Heat and Pressure
: When C-O-Ca combined in the ocean, and hot mineral-rich water move slowly through surface cracks.

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5
Q

Main processes of Extraction: (3)

A

Mining, Digging, and Quarrying

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6
Q

Minerals’ Physical Properties: (11)

A

: Color, Streak, Hardness, Cleavage, Crystalline Structure, Transparency, Magnetism, Tenacity, Luster, Odor, Specific Gravity.
C-S-H-C-Cs-

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7
Q

The result of the way minerals absorb light.

A

Color

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8
Q

The color of the mineral in powder form.

A

Streak

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9
Q

Refers to the measure of the mineral’s resistance
from scratching.

A

Hardness

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10
Q

Used to describe how
minerals break into pieces. The breakage along the
crystalline structure where a
mineral is likely to break
smoothly.

A

Cleavage

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11
Q

“Crystal Lattice”, tells how a mineral’s crystals
are arranged.

A

Crystalline Structure

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12
Q

Form a regular repeating three-dimensional crystal lattice.

A

Crystal Solid

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13
Q

Forms aggregates that have no particular order or arrangement.

A

Amorphous Solid

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14
Q

“Diaphaneity”, Indicates the extent of light that can pass through the mineral.

A

Transparency

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15
Q

Ability of minerals to attract or repel other minerals.

A

Magnetism

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16
Q

Materials which exhibit a
spontaneous net magnetization at the atomic level, even in the
absence of an external magnetic field.

A

Ferromagnetic materials

17
Q

The word ‘ferrous’ means?

A

Iron

18
Q

They have a small, positive susceptibility to magnetic fields. These materials are slightly attracted by a magnetic field and do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed.

A

Paramagnetic materials

19
Q

have a weak, negative susceptibility to magnetic fields. These materials are slightly repelled by a magnetic field and do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed.

A

Diamagnetic materials

20
Q

The level of resistance or reaction of minerals to stress such as crushing, bending , breaking or tearing.

A

Tenacity

21
Q

Refers to the reaction of a mineral to light, determines how brilliant or dull the mineral is.

A

Luster

22
Q

Two main Luster categories: (2)

A

Metallic and Non metallic

23
Q

Usually released from a chemical reaction when subjected to water, heat, air or friction.

A

Odor

24
Q

Measure of the density of a mineral, determines how heavy the mineral is by comparing its weight to that of water.

A

Specific Gravity

25
Q

A naturally
occurring aggregate of
minerals and/or other fragments of itself.

A

Rock

26
Q

Three classifications of Rocks: (3)

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.

27
Q

Formed when molten rocks cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization.

A

Igneous rocks

28
Q

Intrusive and extrusive are called? (2)

A

Plutonic rocks and Volcanic rocks

29
Q

Are classified by the source of their sediments, and are produced by one or more processes.

A

Sedimentary rocks

30
Q

Sedimentary Processes: (3)

A

: Clastic Sr
: Chemical Sr
: Biochemical Sr

31
Q

Formed when minerals precipitate from a solution, usually sea water, minerals that precipitate from aqueous solutions.

A

Chemical sedimentary rocks

32
Q

Composed of fragments of older rocks that have been deposited and consolidated.

A

Clastic sedimentary rocks

33
Q

Composed of accumulations of organic debris.

A

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

34
Q

The result of the transformation of a pre-existing rock type in a process.

A

Metamorphic Rocks

35
Q

Parent rocks are called?

A

Protolith

36
Q

Metamorphism means?

A

“Change in form”

37
Q

The protolith can be ____ and ____ to cause ____ / ____ change.

A

: Heated & Extreme Pressure
: Chemical or Physical

2ndMastery#11 (8 decks)

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