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Unit 2 - Functional Anatomy > E - Muscular System > Flashcards

E - Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth

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2
Q

Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?

A

Only in the heart

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3
Q

What is the alternate name for cardiac muscle?

A

Myocardium

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4
Q

Does cardiac muscle have voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary control

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5
Q

How many times does cardiac tissue contract per minute?

A

60-80BPM

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6
Q

How is skeletal muscle attached to bones?

A

Tendons

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7
Q

Does skeletal muscle have voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Voluntary

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8
Q

What is skeletal muscle also known as?

A

Striated muscle

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9
Q

How many skeletal muscles are there?

A

Over 700

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10
Q

What % of total body weight is made up of skeletal muscle?

A

40%

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11
Q

What 4 things are skeletal muscles responsible for?

A

Movement, posture, heat, energy storage

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12
Q

What is smooth muscle also known as?

A

Visceral

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13
Q

Does smooth muscle have voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

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14
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Arteries, pupils, digestive system

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15
Q

What is peristalis?

A

The involuntary muscle movement that moves food through your gastrointestinal tract

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle fibres?

A

Type I, Type IIa, type IIx

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17
Q

What are type I fibres AKA?

A

Slow twitch/Slow oxidative

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18
Q

What are type IIa fibres AKA?

A

Fast twich/Fast oxidative glycolytic

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19
Q

What are type IIx fibres AKA?

A

Fast twitch/Fast glycolytic

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20
Q

What is type I speed of contraction?

A

Slow (110)

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21
Q

What is type IIa speed of contraction?

A

Fast (50)

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22
Q

What is type IIx speed of contraction?

A

Fast (50)

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23
Q

What is type I force of contraction?

A

Low

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24
Q

What is type IIa force of contraction?

A

HIgh

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25
Q

What is type IIx force of contraction?

A

High

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26
Q

What is the size of type I fibres?

A

Smaller

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27
Q

What is the size of type IIa fibres?

A

Large

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28
Q

What is the size of IIx fibres?

A

Large

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29
Q

Do type I fibres have a lot of mitochondria?

A

Yes - High density

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30
Q

Do type IIa fibres have a lot of mitochondria?

A

No - lower than type I

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31
Q

Do type IIx have a lot of mitochondria?

A

No - lower than type I

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32
Q

Do type I fibres have a lot of myoglobin?

A

Yes - High density

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33
Q

Do type IIa fibres have a lot of myoglobin?

A

No - lower than type I

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34
Q

Do type IIx fibres have a lot of myoglobin?

A

No - Lower than type I

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35
Q

What is type I fibres rate of fatigue?

A

Fatigue resistant

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36
Q

What is type IIa fibres rate of fatigue?

A

Less resistant than type I

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37
Q

What is type IIx fibres rate of fatigue?

A

Easily fatigued

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38
Q

What is type I fibres capillary density?

A

High

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39
Q

What is type IIa fibres capillary density?

A

High

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40
Q

What is type IIx fibres capillary density?

A

Low

41
Q

What is type I fibres aerobic capacity?

A

High

42
Q

What is type IIa fibres aerobic capacity?

A

Medium

43
Q

What is type IIx fibres aerobic capacity?

A

Low

44
Q

What is type I fibres anaerobic capacity?

A

Low

45
Q

What is type IIa fibres anaerobic capacity?

A

Medium

46
Q

What is type IIx fibres anaerobic capacity?

A

High

47
Q

What is type I fibres motor neuron size?

A

Small

48
Q

What is type IIa fibres motor neuron size?

A

Large

49
Q

What is type IIx fibres motor neuron size?

A

Large

50
Q

How many fibres/neurons do type I have?

A

10-180

51
Q

How many fibres/neurons do type IIa have?

A

300-800

52
Q

How many fibres/neurons do type IIx have?

A

300-800

53
Q

What is an event best suited for type I fibres?

A

A marathon

54
Q

What is an event best suited for type IIa fibres?

A

400m run

55
Q

What is an event best suited for type IIx fibres?

A

Hammer throw

56
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

An oxygen-binding protein primarily found in muscles

57
Q

What are the three types of muscle contraction?

A

Concentric, eccentric, isometric

58
Q

What happens to the length of the muscle during a concentric contraction?

A

Shortens

59
Q

What happens to the length of the muscle during an eccentric contraction?

A

Lengthens

60
Q

What happens to the length of the muscle during an isometric contraction?

A

Stays the same

61
Q

How does the muscle shorten during a concentric contraction?

A

Ends are pulled closer together (sliding filament theory)

62
Q

How does the muscle lengthen during an eccentric contraction?

A

They are pulled apart as the resistance becomes greater than the force the muscle is producing

63
Q

When does isometric contraction occur?

A

When muscle length remains relatively constant as tension is produced

64
Q

What happens to the tension during a concentric contraction?

A

Tension increases

65
Q

What happens to the tension during an isometric contraction?

A

There is a build up of tension

66
Q

What effect do concentric contractions have against gravity?

A

They work against gravity

67
Q

What effect do eccentric contractions have against gravity?

A

Working (resisting) gravity

68
Q

What effect do isometric contractions have against gravity?

A

No gravity affected

69
Q

Give an example of a concentric contraction

A

Upwards phase of a bicep curl

70
Q

Give an example of an eccentric contraction

A

Lowering phase of a bicep curl

71
Q

Give an example of an isometric contraction

A

Holding a bicep curl in a static position

72
Q

What does isometric mean?

A

Same length - muscles do not shorten or lengthen

73
Q

What are the 2 types of isotonic contractions?

A

Eccentric and concentric

74
Q

What does antagonistic pairing mean?

A

Muscles working together to create movement - one contracts or shortens, one relaxes or lengthens

75
Q

Name 5 antagonistic pairs

A

1) Biceps brachii and tricep brachii
2) Hamstrings and quadriceps
3) Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius
4) Erector spinae and rectus abdominis
5) Wrist flexors and wrist extensors

76
Q

A muscle/group of muscles can adopt one of 4 roles - name these 4 roles

A

1) Agonist
2) Antagonist
3) Synergist
4) Fixator

77
Q

What is an agonist?

A

The muscle that contracts to produce movement

78
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

The muscle that does not contract to allow the agonist to contract

79
Q

What is the synergist?

A

The muscle that assists the agonist

80
Q

What is the fixator?

A

These muscle fix joints in place and maintain posture to allow the desired movement to take place

81
Q

What are the 3 anatomical planes?

A

Saggital plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane

82
Q

What is the saggital plane?

A

Anterior to posterior

83
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Medial to lateral

84
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Superior to inferior

85
Q

What types of movement occur in the saggital plane?

A

Flexion and extension

86
Q

What types of movement occur in the frontal plane?

A

Abduction and adduction

87
Q

What types of movement occur in the transverse plane?

A

Rotational movements, such as pronation, supination and torso twists

88
Q

Give 3 examples of exercises that occur in the saggital plane

A

Bicep curls
Knee extensions
Abdominal curls

89
Q

Give 3 examples of exercises that occur in the frontal plane

A

Star jumps
Cartwheels
Side bends

90
Q

What is flexion?

A

Decreasing the angle of a joint

91
Q

What is extension?

A

Increasing the angle of a joint

92
Q

What is hyper-extension?

A

The joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion

93
Q

What is abduction?

A

The movement of a body part away from the bodys midline

94
Q

What is adduction?

A

The movement of a body part towards the bodys midline

95
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Movement of the limb/hand/fingers in a circular pattern

96
Q

What is rotation?

A

A circular movement around a fixed joint

97
Q

What is pronation?

A

TBC

98
Q

What is supination?

A

TBC

99
Q
A

Unit 2 - Functional Anatomy (6 decks)

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