E-16

Question 1

What are the causes of the eruption?

Answer 1

1. Earthquakes were beginning to increase and be shallower
2. Meant that magma was rising to the surface
3. Magma chamber filled up, pressure increased, magma rose towards small cracks
4. First lava erupted through fissures as fire fountains
5. Second fissure ripped open

Question 2

Short Term Consequences:

Answer 2

1. Ash inhalation
2. At least, 95,000 flights cancelled
3. Cost airlines $2 billion a day
4. Less demand for air fuel, 1.87m barrels not needed, loss of money for oil industry, increase in petrol costs.
5. Grounded air cargo flights stopped delivery of food, flowers and medicine

Question 3

Long-Term Consequences:

Answer 3

1. World economy was entering a recession phase
2. Icelandic banks were in collapse
3. Kenya lost $3.5 million due to cancelled trade and perishable foods decaying
4. Impacted the population,local water supplies contaminated with flouride.

Question 4

Responses:

Answer 4

1. The IMO co-ordinated information to share with the public, and a local text message
2. To alert the public
3. Well-trained National Emergency Agency
4. Co-ordinated replacing bridges with temporary structures, clearing away tonnes of ash.