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nursing > dysrhythmias > Flashcards

dysrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

tells average pressure in artery

need be higher than 60

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2
Q

P wave

A

located in atrium

imp but will not die

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3
Q

QRS

A

located in ventricle

will die if inadequate

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4
Q

Cardiac Output (CO)

A

amt blood pumped from LV/min

= HR x SV

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5
Q

increase HR

A

= decrease SV –> decreased CO
heart beating too fast, ventricle doesn’t fill enough (low stroke volume), not enough blood in ventricle leads to low cardiac output

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6
Q

preload

A

dependent on amt blood going to heart

kidney failure and not excreting –> fluid overload –> large volume

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7
Q

afterload

A

difficult pump blood out heart

BP 200/100

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8
Q

contractility

A

force/effectiveness of each pump

force cardiac contraction independent of preload

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9
Q

BP

A

= CO x peripheral vascular resistance

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10
Q

cardiovascular system manifestations

A 
pain
discomfort
cough
SOA
dyspnea
DOE
orthopnea
PND - when lay down, fluid shift from legs to heart
edema
fatigue
weakness
palpitations
dizziness
syncope
leg/calf pain
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11
Q

med hx of pt w/ cardiovascular problems

A

angina, MI, meds, allergies, DM

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12
Q

best indicator of fluid balance is weight

A

2.2 lb = 1 kg = 1 L fluid
takes 10-15 lbs before see edema
imp do daily wt on cardiac pts

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13
Q

labs - cardiac markers

A

troponin T and I
creatine kinase - MB specific to heart muscles
myoglobin - see heart damage sooner but gone w/in 7 hrs

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14
Q

labs - electrolytes affecting heart

A

Ca, Mg, K
lead to fatal dysrhythmia
can lead to death

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15
Q

labs - BNP

A

stretching of ventricles causes BNP released

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16
Q

labs - total cholesterol

A
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17
Q

labs - triglyceride

A
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18
Q

labs - LDL

A
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19
Q

Labs - HDL

A

> 40

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20
Q

labs - anticoags

A

PT/INR, PTT

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21
Q

labs - ABG

A

if heart not pumping, fluid going to lungs

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22
Q

labs - D-Dimer

A

tell if have clots

good lab use if having stroke

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23
Q

diagnostic tests

A

EKG
ECHO - look at structure of heart
TEE
holter monitor - look at every min of day
stress test - how much can tolerate stress on heart
angiography - look see how blocked vessels are

24
Q

heart conduction - SA node

A

pacemaker of ehart

P wave

25
Q

heart conduction - AV node

A

PR segment

26
Q

heart conduction - Bundle of His

A

right and left bundle branch system

27
Q

P wave

A

1 P per QRS complex
multiple indicates a-fib
different origination if P waves look diff

28
Q

QRS

A

ventricular depolarization

tall and narrow b/c pump fast and hard

29
Q

J point

A

end of QRS segment

30
Q

ST segment

A

elevation - actively having MI

depression - K, Ca, Mg too high

31
Q

T wave

A

repolarization

tombstone T wave = active heart attack

32
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A 
Rate - 60-100/min
Rhythm - normal
P wave - present, consistent
PR - 0.12-0.2
QRS duration - 0.04=0.1 second and constant
33
Q

sinus tachy

A

Rate - >100/min
Rhythm - regular
P wave - present, consistent
PR -

34
Q

sinus brady

A

Rate -

35
Q

atrial dysrhythmias

A 
Rate -
Rhythm - 
P wave - 
PR - 
QRS -
36
Q

Supraventricular Tachy

A 
Rate - 
Rhythm - 
P wave - 
PR - 
QRS -
37
Q

A-fib

A 
Rate - 
Rhythm - irregular
P wave - 
PR - n/a
QRS -
38
Q

ventricular dysrhythmia

A 
rate - 
rhythm - 
P wave - 
PR - 
QRS -
39
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

nothing to count

40
Q

cardiac interventions - meds

A 
beta blocker
ca channel blocker
ACE inhibitors
diuretics
antidysrhythmics
antilipids
inotropes - dobutamine, dopamine, Epi, digoxin
41
Q

cardiac intervention - MONA

A

morphine
oxygen
nitro
ASA

42
Q

cardiac intervention - surgical tx

A

CABG
surgical valve repair
heart transplant
cardiac cath

43
Q

cardiac intervention - devices

A

pacemaker

icd

44
Q

cardioversion - conscious

A

synchronized shock w/ QRS

requires to have rhythm

45
Q

defibrillation - unconscious

A

emergency

pt in v-fib/v-tach

46
Q

management of cardiac arrest

A

perform CPR first

defibrillate b/c no rhythm

47
Q

pacemaker

A

controls heart rate instead of SA node

48
Q

icd

A

shocks heart back into rhythm when heart forgets to

49
Q

HTN

A

60+ - `150/90

50
Q

causes of essential HTN

A

obesity
smoking
stress
fam hx

51
Q

cause of secondary HTN

A

renal disease
primary aldosteronism
cushing’s syndrome
meds

52
Q

malignant HTN

A

BP 200/150

need rapid intervention

53
Q

malignant HTN manifestations

A

HA
blurred vision
dyspnea

54
Q

malignant HTN - lifestyle modifications

A 
sodium restriction
wt reduction
reduce etoh intake
exercise
decrease stress
smoking cessation
55
Q

malignant HTN - med care

A 
diuretics
ca channel blockers
ACE inhibitor
ARBs
aldosterone receptor antagonist
beta-adrenergic blockers
renin inhibitors
56
Q

malignant HTN - nursing care -

A 
daily wt
I&O
urine output
response of B/P
electrolytes
take pulses
ischemic episodes (TIA)
complications w/ 4 C's - CAD, CRF, CHF, CVA

nursing (9 decks)

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