acute coronary syndroms

Question 1

arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

thickening/hardening arterial wall associated w/ aging

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

formation plaque w/in arterial wall

Question 3

assessment

arterio/atherosclerosis

Answer 3

monitor BP
palpate pulses at all sites
assess prolonged cap refill
assess bruit

Question 4

aterio/atherosclerosis labs

Answer 4

lipid level - cholesterol, triglycerides
HDL
LDL

Question 5

aterio/atherosclerosis interventions

Answer 5

evaluate total serum cholesterol levels
lifestyle changes
nutrition therapy
drug therapy
smoking cessation
exercise
CAM therapy

Question 6

pts at risk developing arterio/atherosclerosis

Answer 6

DM w/o signs vascular disease

multiple metabolic risk factors

Question 7

drugs for pts w/ arterio/atherosclerosis

Answer 7

HMG-CoA inhibitors (-statin)
fibrinic acids
ezetimibe (zetia)

Question 8

peripheral arterial disease

Answer 8

alters natural flow blood through arteries and veins of peripheral circulation
results in systemic atherosclerosis

Question 9

assessment of PAD

Answer 9

intermittent claudication (cramping when walking)
pain while at rest
outflow disease burning/cramping in calves, ankles, feet, toes
hair loss in extremity, mottled skin
cold and gray-blue/darkened skin

Question 10

diagnostic tests for PAD

Answer 10

imaging
ankle-brachial index
exercise tolerance test
plethysmography

Question 11

nonsurgical management of PAD

Answer 11

exercise and positioning
promote vasodilation
drug therapy (platelet)
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
atherectomy

Question 12

surgical management of PAD - post-op

Answer 12

deep breathing q1-2hr
monitor graft occlusion
tx graft occlusion
monitor compartment syndrome
assess inf

Question 13

6 P’s of arterial insufficiency

Answer 13

pain
pallor
pulselessness
paresthesia
paralysis
poikilothermia (coolness)

Question 14

aneurysms of central arteries

Answer 14

permanent localized dilation artery enlarging artery twice normal diameter

Question 15

symptoms of aneurysms of peripheral arteries

Answer 15

limb ischemia
diminished/absent pulses
cool to cold skin
pain

Question 16

tx of aneurysms of peripheral arteries

Answer 16

surgery

Question 17

post-op care of aneurysms of peripheral arteries

Answer 17

monitor for pain

Question 18

abd aortic aneurysm (AAA) assessment

Answer 18

gnawing pain, unaffected by movement lasting hours/days
pain in abd, flank, back
abd mass pulsatile
rupture complicated and life-threatening

Question 19

thoracic aortic aneurysm assessment

Answer 19

back pain
SOB, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing
visible mass above suprasternal notch
sudden excrutiating back/chest pain

Question 20

aortic dissection

Answer 20

caused by sudden tear in aortic intima, opening way for blood enter aortic wall
pain described as tearing, ripping, stabbing
LIFE-THREATENING

Question 21

venous thromboembolism (VTE)

Answer 21

thrombus
thrombophlebitis
DVT
PE
virchow's triad - 
phlebitis