Dysphagia Initial Quiz

Question 1

Muscles of mastication

Answer 1

Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Temporalis

Question 2

Masseter

Answer 2

Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla
Insertion: coronoid process, ramus of mandible
Nerve: mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Action: elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and protraction of mandible

Question 3

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 3

Origin: deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth
superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity
Insertion: medial angle of the mandible.
Nerve: mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Action: elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps move the jaw from side to side

Question 4

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 4

Origin: Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate.
Insertion: Condyloid process of the mandible
Nerve: mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Action: depresses mandible, protrude mandible, side to side movement of mandible.

Question 5

Temporalis

Answer 5

Origin: Temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull.
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible.
Nerve: mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Action: Elevation and retraction of mandible

Question 6

Cranial nerves

Answer 6

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear 
Trigeminal 
Abducens
Facial
Acoustic/Vestibularcochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus 
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 7

What are the structures that make up the larynx?

Answer 7

Unpaired
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis

Paired:
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate processes
Cunieform processes

Question 8

What are the extrinsic muscles in the larynx?

Answer 8

Thyrohyoid muscles
Hyoglossus
Inferior constrictor muscles
Sternothyroid muscles

Digastric
Omohyoid muscles
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

Mylohyoid

Get it?? This dog’s Mylo(hyoid)

Question 9

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

Answer 9

1. mylohyoid muscle-raises the body of the tongue in high vowels and velar consonants.
2. hyoglossus-pulls the tongue downwards (and slightly backwards).
3. styloglossus-pulls the tongue upwards and backwards.
4. Genioglossus-forms the bulk of the inferior part of the tongue and pulls the body of the tongue forwards.
5. palatoglossus muscle-helps the styloglossus. Located on the back, side of the tongue
6. palatopharyngeus muscle-forms the posterior faucal pillars. It does not affect the position of the tongue
   * *The palatoglossus is innervated by the vagus nerve (the Xth), whereas all the other tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (the X11th).

Question 10

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

Answer 10

1. superior longitudinal muscle-runs anteroposteriorly along the superior surface of the tongue, just below the mucous membrane.
2. inferior longitudinal muscle-runs along the sides of the tongue, from the root to the tip of the tongue. Anteriorly these fibers join those of the styloglossus muscle.
3. verticalis muscle-fibers arise near the midline of the superior surface of the tongue and course inferolaterally to insert into the sides of the tongue.
4. transversalis muscle-fibers extend from the mucous membrane on the sides of the tongue to the median septum, which divides the tongue in half saggitally (down the midline).

Question 11

Pharynx

Answer 11

• Continuation of digestive tube
• Common to respiration and deglutition
• 5 inches long
• Funnel shaped
• Suspends from skull to C5-6
• Attaches anterior it to medial pterygoid plate, ptergo-mandibular raphe, mandible, tongue, hyoid, thyroid and cricoid
• inferior to nasal cavity
• posterior to mouth
• superior to esophagus and larynx
• Constrictor muscles: superior, medial, inferior
• 3 cavities: nasopharynx (epipharynx), propharynx (mesopharynx) and laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Question 12

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Answer 12

superior, medial, inferior

Question 13

Cavities of the pharynx

Answer 13

• nasopharynx (epipharynx)
• oropharynx (mesopharynx)
• laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Question 14

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 14

Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoids
Thyroarytenoid 
Interarytenoids
Cricothyroid

Question 15

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 15

Attached to trachea with cricotracheal membrane.
Anterior arch and posterior laminae
Points of attachment for both thyroid cartilate and arytenoid cartilages

Question 16

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 16

Important for pitch change
Made up of 2 plates called the thyroid laminae that join anteriorly at the angle of the thyroid with the thyroid notch and prominence.
Superior and inferior prominences: superior and inferior cornu.
Connected to cricoid cartilage by cricothyroid joint at the inferior cornu.

Question 17

Epiglottis

Answer 17

Posterior to the hyoid bone
Attached to the interior of the thyroid cartilage at the petiolus by the hypoepiglottic ligament.
Attached to the hyoid bone by the hyoepiglottic ligament.
Attached to the root of the tongue by the medial and lateral (2) glossoepiglottic ligaments
Airway protection.

Question 18

Spaces

Answer 18

Vallecular: paired between base of tongue and epiglottis
Laryngeal vestibule: Single, between epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and arytenoid folds
Lateral channel: between epiglottis and lateral wall
Pyriform sinuses: deepest on both sides of larynx
Laryngeal ventricle: paired space between true vocal folds and false vocal folds
Hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)
Glottis
Posterior commisure
Anterior commisure
Interarytenoid space