Deglutition Muscles

Question 1

Superior Longitudinal (Intrinsic Tongue)

Answer 1

Origin: Base of tongue & hyoid
Insertion: All the way up excluding tip
Action: Shortens tongue, raises sides and tip of tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 2

Transverse (Intrinsic Tongue)

Answer 2

Origin: septum of tongue
Insertion: Lateral margins
Action: Lengthens and narrows tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 3

Vertical (Intrinsic Tongue)

Answer 3

Origin: Superior surface
Insertion: Inferior surface
Action: Flattens and broadens tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 4

Inferior Longitudinal (Intrinsic Tongue)

Answer 4

Origin: Base of tongue
Insertion: Tip of tongue
Action: Shortens tongue, turns tip of tongue downward
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 5

Genioglossus (Extrinsic Tongue)

Answer 5

Origin: Mental spine
Insertion: Tongue and body of hyoid
Action: Depresses tongue, protrudes and retracts tongue, elevates hyoid
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 6

Hyoglossus (Extrinsic Tongue)

Answer 6

Origin: Greater horn of hyoid
Insertion: Tongue
Action: Depresses and pulls tongue posteriorly
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 7

Styloglossus (Extrinsic Tongue)

Answer 7

Origin: Styloid Process
Insertion: Tongue
Action: Elevates and pulls tongue posteriorly
Innervation: Hypoglossal, CN XII

Question 8

Palatoglossus (Extrinsic Tongue)

Answer 8

Origin: Aponeurosis of soft palate
Insertion: Tongue
Action: Elevates and pulls tongue posteriorly, narrows fauces
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 9

Tensor Veli Palatini (Soft Palate)

Answer 9

Origin: Scaphoid fossa, spine of sphenoid, lateral auditory tube
Insertion: Aponeurosis of soft palate
Action: Tenses soft palate
Innervation: Trigeminal, CN V

Question 10

Levator Veli Palatini (Soft Palate)

Answer 10

Origin: Petrous portion, temporal bone: medial auditory tube
Insertion: Soft palate
Action: Elevates soft palate
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 11

Uvulae (Soft Palate)

Answer 11

Origin: Posterior nasal spine, aponeurosis of palate
Insertion: Uvula
Action: Shortens soft palate
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 12

Palatopharyngeus (Soft Palate)

Answer 12

Origin: Aponeurosis of soft palate
Insertion: Posterior thyroid cartilage, posterolateral pharynx
Action: Narrows fauces, elevates larynx and pharynx
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 13

Digastric, Anterior belly (Larynx)

Answer 13

Origin: Inferior border of mandible near symphysis
Insertion: Intermediate tendon to body and cornu of hyoid
Action: Elevates and pulls hyoid anteriorly, assists in depressing the mandible
Innervation: Trigeminal, CN V

Question 14

Digastric, Posterior belly (Larynx)

Answer 14

Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Body of hyoid and median raphe
Action: Elevates and pulls hyoid posteriorly
Innervation: Facial, VII

Question 15

Mylohyoid (Larynx)

Answer 15

Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Body of hyoid and median raphe
Action: Elevates hyoid and tongue, depresses mandible
Innervation: Trigeminal, CN V

Question 16

Geniohyoid (Larynx)

Answer 16

Origin: Median ridge of mandible
Insertion: Body of hyoid
Action: Elevates hyoid and tongue; depresses mandible
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis: C1, C2

Question 17

Stylohyoid (Larynx)

Answer 17

Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: Body of hyoid
Action: Elevates and pulls hyoid posteriorly
Innervation: Facial, CN VII

Question 18

Thyrohyoid (Larynx)

Answer 18

Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Insertion: Greater horn of hyoid
Action: Elevates thyroid cartilage, depresses hyoid
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis: C1, 2

Question 19

Sternohyoid (Larynx)

Answer 19

Origin: Manubrium sterni, medial end of clavicle
Insertion: Body of hyoid, inferior border
Action: Depresses hyoid
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis: C1, 2, 3

Question 20

Omohyoid, Superior belly (Larynx)

Answer 20

Origin: Superior border of scapula near scapular notch
Insertion: Intermediate tendon by fascia to clavicle
Action: Depresses hyoid
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis: C1, 2, 3

Question 21

Omohyoid, Inferior belly (Larynx)

Answer 21

Origin: Intermediate tendon by fascia to clavicle
Insertion: Body of hyoid, inferior border
Action: Depresses hyoid
Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis: C1, 2, 3

Question 22

Aryepiglottic (Larynx)

Answer 22

Origin: Apex of arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: Lateral margin of epiglottis
Action: Assists in closing inlet of larynx
Innervation: Vagux, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 23

Thyroepiglottic (Larynx)

Answer 23

Origin: Medial surface of thyroid cartilage
Insertion: Lateral margin of epiglottis
Action: Assists in closing inlet of larynx
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 24

Thyroaretynoid (Larynx)

Answer 24

Origin: Medial surface of thyroid cartilage
Insertion: Muscular process of aretynoid cartilage
Action: Assists in closing glottis, shortens vocal folds
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 25

InterAretynoid-Oblique (Larynx)

Answer 25

Origin: Base of one aretynoid cartilage
Insertion: Apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage
Action: Asists in closing glottis by adducting arytenoid cartilages
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 26

InterArytenoid -Transverse (Larynx)

Answer 26

Origin: Posterior surface and lateral border of one arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: Posterior surface and lateral border of opposite arytenoid cartilage
Action: Assists in closing glottis by adducting arytenoid cartilages
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 27

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (Larynx)

Answer 27

Origin: Upper border of arch of cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Action: Adducts and medially rotates arytenoid cartilage, assisting in closing glottis
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 28

Vocalis (Larynx)

Answer 28

Origin: Medial surface of thyroid cartilage
Insertion: Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
Action: Regulates tension of vocal folds
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 29

Posterior Cricoarytenoid (Larynx)

Answer 29

Origin: Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Action: Abducts arytenoid acrtilage, widening glottis
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 30

Cricothyroid (Larynx)

Answer 30

Origin: Anterior and lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage
Insertion:
Pars Rectus - anterior border, inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
Pars Oblique - lower border of lamina of thyroid cartilage
Action: elevates cricoid arch and elongates vocal folds
Innervation: Vagus, CN X; Mainly Accessory, CN XI, Cranial root

Question 31

Salpinopharyngeus (Pharynx)

Answer 31

Origin: Auditory tube
Insertion: Pharyngeal wall
Action: Elevates pharynx
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 32

Stylopharyngeus (Pharynx)

Answer 32

Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Posterior border of thyroid cartilage, posterolateral wall of pharynx
Action: Elevates pharynx and larynx
Innervation: Glossopharyngeal, CN IX

Question 33

Superior Constrictor (Pharynx)

Answer 33

Origin: Medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, mandible
Insertion: Pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal raphe
Action: Constrict, sequentially, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 34

Middle constrictor (Pharynx)

Answer 34

Origin: Horns of hyoid
Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe
Action: Acts as sphincter to prevent air entering esophagus; relaxes during swallowing
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI

Question 35

Inferior Constrictor (Pharynx)

Answer 35

Origin: Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe
Action: Acts as sphincter to prevent air entering esophagus; relaxes during swallowing
Innervation: Pharyngeal Plexus: CN IX, X, XI