Dysphagia Flashcards
Phases of the swallow
anticipatory, oral preparatory, oral phase, pharyngeal phase, oesophageal phase
During which phases can breakdown in swallowing occur?
Anticipatory, oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal phases
What does the term “aspiration” refer to in the context of dysphagia?
Entry of material below the level of true vocal cords
Which of the following is NOT a predictor of aspiration pneumonia?
- a) Smoking
- b) Dependency for feeding
- c) Regular exercise
- d) Multiple medical diagnoses
regular exercise
What is the purpose of the Penetration Aspiration Scale?
To assess the degree of material entering the airway
The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is used to assess the level of oral intake of food and liquid. True or false
True
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) requires the use of radiation. True or false
false
What are complications of dysphagia
Aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, choking episodes, prolonged hospital admissions, impaired QOL
Describe safe swallowing strategies that can be used for patients with dysphagia.
Chin tuck, effortful swallow, multiple swallows, thickened liquids, small bites/sips, upright positioning
What are the key components of a Clinical Swallow Examination (CSE)?
Medical and social history, oro-facial examination, cranial nerve assessment, swallow trials with various consistencies
Explain the difference between aspiration and penetration in the context of swallowing disorders.
Aspiration refers to entry of material below the level of the true vocal cords, while penetration refers to entry of material into the laryngeal vestibule but not below the vocal cords
Name three instrumental examinations used in the assessment of dysphagia.
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS), Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), Pharyngeal manometry
What are the two main types of swallowing impairment?
Safety (aspiration) and Efficiency (residue)
List 3 signs of dysphagia in the oral preparatory and oral phase.
- Anterior spillage
- Difficulty with bolus formation and propulsion
- Build up of material in lateral sulci
What are immediate signs of possible aspiration?
- Wet vocal quality
- Multiple swallows
- Coughing when drinking/during meals
- Respiratory wheeze
- Drop in oxygen levels