Ax of SSDs pt. 1 Flashcards
Consequences of a speech impairment
- Functional: get message across?
- Social interaction: Can they talk to others, make friends? Bullying?
- Self-esteem: Aware, embarrassed, avoid talking?
- Frustration: presenting with behaviour problems?
- Academic: effect on phonological awareness, literacy acquisition
How to test for stimulability?
- Phoneme repetition
- Hierarchy: sound, syllable, word
- Cued stimulability: visual, phonetic (place/manner), tactile
Why test for stimulability?
- Determine whether production is possible when you change the way you ask for it.
- Better prognosis for stimulable sounds - may develop spontaneously
What are phonology and Articulation tests?
- Elicit spontaneous naming of pictures presented
- Test most consonants in initial/medial/final position
- Mostly single word responses
Phonetic vs phonological Ax
- Complementary
- Phonological dependent on phonetic investigation
- Phonetics: narrow auditory investigation by SLT
- Phonology: functional consequence
Advantages of phonology and articulation tests
- easy to administer and score
- quick
- data easily quantifiable
- some provide standardised scores
- document need for, and progress in therapy
disadvantages of phonology and articulation tests
- Single word production not always representative of prod in connected speech
- May not provide enough data for a phonological analysis
- May not test all sounds e.g. vowel clusters
- Sounds not in comparable phonetic contexts e.g. words of varying length and complexity, diff sounds before and after tested consonants
- Explores performance on a specific day, with specific items in a unique situation
Standard Ax for speech includes:
- DEAP: standardised
- STAP-2 (South Tyneside Assessment of Phonology)
- Nuffield Apraxia programme
- Compendium of Auditory and Speech tasks (psycholinguistic)
- Goldman Fristoe test of Articulation
- CAAP (Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology)
Four Axs of the DEAP
Diagnostic screen, articulation and oro-motor, phonology, inconsistency
diagnostic screen
name 10 pics twice and speech sound stimulability
5 mins
articulation and oro-motor
picture naming - 30
stimulability
oro-motor including DDK
phonology
picture naming - 50
picture description task - connected speech
inconsistency
production of 25 words x3
ensure elicited same way each time
what data is retrieved using the DEAP
qualitative data:
- phonetic C inventory
Quantitative data:
- DDK, isolated movements, sequenced movements
- PCC, PVC, PPC
- Single word vs connected speech agreement
- inconsistency rating
During test administration, how do you manage elicitation?
Use a cueing hierarchy:
1. Semantic cue
2. Syntactic cue
3. Phonological cue
4. Binary choice
5. Imitation
Typical processes
Weak syllable deletion
Final consonant deletion
Cluster reduction
Context sensitive voicing
Velar fronting
Palatal fronting
Stopping of fricatives
Stopping of affricates
Deaffrication
Gliding of liquids
De-rhotacization
Disordered processes
Backing stops/fricatives
Affrication
Initial consonant deletion
Medial cons. deletion
Intrusive consonants
Denasalisation
Favoured sound
Glottal replacement
Stops replace glides
Metathesis
Unusual substitutions
migration
Vowel processes
Why must you assess polysyllabic words?
- children produce polysyllabic words less accurately than 1/2 syllable words
- phonological processes occur more frequently
- percent phonemes correct is also lower
- phonological processes are evident for longer (up to 7 years reported for WSD (James et al, 2008)
- without ax of PSWs, impairment may be concealed or underestimated
