Dysphagia Flashcards
Dysphagia
Due to disturbances in
Preoesophagial / oropharyngeal phase od deglutition
Oesophagial phase of deglutition
Neurological and muscular disorders causing dysphagia
CAMP POLZ TV
Cerebrovascular accident
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Myaesthenia gravis
Parkinsonism
Postesophageal web in sideropenic dysphagia.
Osteophytes in cervical spine
Laryngeal paralysis with aspiration
Zenker’s diverticulum
Tumours (tongue / piriform sinus / epiglottis / tongue base)
Preoesophageal causes
Oral phase
Pharyngeal phase
Oral phase causes
Mastication
Trismus
Mandible fracture
Tumours of upper and lower jaw
Temporomandibular joint disorders
Lubrication
Xerostomia
Mikulicz’s disease
Sjogren’s disease
Tongue mobility
Paralysis
Ulcers
Tumours
Lingual abscess
Total glossectomy
Palate
Cleft palate
Oronasal fistula
Buccal cavity / mouth floor
Stomatitis
Ulceration
Ludwig’s angina
Pharyngeal phase
Obstruction of pharynx
Tumours (tonsil, soft palate, pharynx, tongue base, supraglottic larynx)
Obstructive hypertrohic tonsils
Inflammtory
Tonsillitis
Peritonsillar abscess
Retro / parapharyngeal abscess
Acute epiglottitis
Oedema larynx
Spasmodic
Tetanus
Rabies
Paralytic
Regurgitation in nose
Soft palate (diphtheria, bulbar palsy, cerebrovascular accident)
Aspiration of food in larynx
Larynx
Lesions of vagus
Bilateral superior larungeal nerves
Oesophagial causes
Lumen (obstruction)
Atresia
Foreign body
Stricture
Tumours
Wall (oesophagitis)
Hypomobility (scleroderma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Hyper mobility (cricopharyngeal spasms, diffuse esophageal spasm)
Outside wall
Hypopharyngeal diverticulum
Hiatus hernia
Cervical osteophytes
Thyroid lesions (hashimoto thyroiditis)
Mediastinal lesions
Vascular rings (dysphabia lusoria)
Investigations
History
Clinical examination
Oral cavity
Oropharynx
Larynx
Hypopharynx
Neck
Chest
Nervous system
Blood examination (haemogram)(plummer-vilson syndrome)
Radiography
X ray chest
Lateral neck
Barium swallow
Manomeric + pH studies (acid reflux by pH electrode)
Upper GI endoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Cardiac catherization
Thyroid scan
