Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3819 > dyspepsia > Flashcards

dyspepsia Flashcards

1
Q

Define dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define steatorrhoea

A

Excretion of abnormal quantity of fat in faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the R in GORD

A

reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the 2 overlapping sx in:
GORD, dyspepsia and H. Pylori

A

Heartburn, reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to distinguish GORD from dyspepsia and H. Pylori

A

GORD involves dental sx like dental erosion, halitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to distinguish dyspepsia from GORD and H. Pylori

A

Epigastric pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 causes of dyspepsia

A

Oesophageal sphincter, H. Pylori, delayed gastric emptying, functional dyspepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do these drugs cause dyspepsia/abdominal discomfort?
Nitroglycerines (isosorbide), anticholinergics (atropine), theophylline, beta 2 agonists (salbutamol), benzo (diazepam)

A

Decreases the lower oesophageal sphincter tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do these drugs cause dyspepsia/abdominal discomfort?
Doxycycline, bisphosphonates,

A

Causes gastric irritations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 easy drugs that cause dyspepsia

A

NSAIDs, Iron (ferrous sulfate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do these drugs cause dyspepsia/abdominal discomfort?
CCB (-ines), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants

A

Effects oesophageal sensitivity and sensory perception in esophagus which can translate to discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What testing is done to diagnose dyspepsia

A

TRICK, no tests, its the reporting of sxs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should we rule out first, before giving PPI to a px?

A

H. Pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to test for H. Pylori? (2)

A

Serology (blood) test, faecal antigen test, urea breath test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What conditions (2) is H. Pylori responsible for?

A

Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are we looking for in serology (blood) test and faecal antigen test when testing for H. Pylori?

A

H. Pylori antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can we find in a faecal antigen test that we can’t find in a serology (blood) test or urea breathe test?

A

We can find out the strain of H. Pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which isotopes are we looking for when trying to detect H Pylori in a urea breath test?

A

C13 (carbon dioxide) and C14 isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does urea breathe test work when detecting H. Pylori

A

Px swallows a urea tablet with C. H Pylori metabolises urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, so when px breathes out, we test to see if C13 (carbon dioxide) comes out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 2 drugs need to be ceased before undertaking urea breathe test?

A

PPI and antibiotics

21
Q

What to do when px presents with any of these sx + dyspepsia?
>55yrs, unexplained weight loss, anorexia, anaemia, melaena (dark/sticky stools), dysphagis

22
Q

Some non-pharmacological strategies for dyspepsia (6)

A
  • Avoid alchi, caffeine, smoking
  • Reduce weight
  • Reduce meal size, take more freq meals instead
  • Drink fluids between meals, not cc
  • Avoid eating 2-3 hours before bed/rigorous activity
  • Elevate head of bed at night
23
Q

3 acid suppression medication therapies

A

Antacids, H2 antagonists, PPI

24
Q

What is another name for H/K-ATPase pump?

A

proton pump

25
Explain parietal cells and acid production process
Eat, then stomach receptors stretch as it senses food which stimulates gastrin. Gastrin stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells which releases histamine, which produce cAMP, which fuels proton pump. Proton pump leads to exchange in H, which goes into stomach lumen where its exchaged for K (H+HCl)
26
Where is acid produces
parietal cell
27
What does acid secrete in the parietal cell
hydrochloric acid
28
MOA of antacid
Neutralise acid thats secreted
29
Define phenylketonuria
Inability to metabolise phenylalanine
30
Why can't you give antacids to people with phenylketonuria? Hint: think about the definition of phenylketonuria
Antacids like Gaviscon contain phenylalanine
31
What drug class does nizatidine belong to
H2 antagonist
32
MOA of H2 antagonists Hint: remember, H2 receptors fuel proton pumps
Competitively blocks H2 receptors in parietal cells and reduces gastric acid secretion, to slow down the fuel available in proton pumps
33
How long do pxs go on H2 antagonists for?
4-8 weeks
34
MOA of PPI
Irreversibly blocks proton pump
35
How long are pxs on PPIs for
4-8 weeks
36
Which drugs are PPIs?
pantop, omep, lansop, rabep, eso
37
When to take PPI and antacids in regard to meals?
Antacids: 1-3hrs pc PPI: 30-60 mins ac
38
Sx's of GORD should calm down after 4 weeks, but if it persists for 8 weeks, what should you consider the condition may be?
H. Pylori
39
Best medication for eradication of H. Pylori
Triple therapy - PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin/metronidazole
40
Which drug, when indicated for dyspepsia, works by manipulating pain perception, enhances gastric accommodation which relaxes the gut, and accommodates more content in stomach which releases epigastric discomfort?
TCAs - amitript
41
MOA of prokinetics
Improves gastric emptying by enhancing esophageal peristalsis, which increases rate of movement in GIT
42
Why is it good to enhance movement in GIT?
The less time contents are in GIT, the less time acid reflux can act on it, and less time for epigastric discomfort (as food isn't just sitting in stom)
43
What drug class is domperidone part of
Prokinetics
44
What is the biggest risk in taking domperidone
Risk of prolonged QT intervals/arrhythmias
45
When should a px use TCAs/prokinetics in dyspepsia
When they don't respond to triple therapy
46
In functional dyspepsia, what drug is best when the main sx is epigastric burning?
PPI
47
In functional dyspepsia, what drug is best when the main sx is discomfort and bloating?
Prokinetic (domperidone)
48
In functional dyspepsia, what drug is best when the main sx is anxiety/depression related?
TCAs

3819 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions