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Cardiology Exam 1 > Dyslipidemias > Flashcards

Dyslipidemias Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of cholesterol:

A

-membrane structure and function + maintenance

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2
Q

Cholesterol is a precursor for:

A
  • cholesteryl acids (storage/cartage?)
  • bile acids (digestion/absorption; solubilize cholesterol in gall bladder; major route to eliminate cholesterol
  • steroid hormones
  • Vit D
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3
Q

Sources of cholesterol:

A
  • 50% diet

- 50% endogenous biosynthesis

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4
Q

Sites of cholesterol biosysntesis

A
  • liver 50%

- other tissues (intestines, skin, adrenal cortex, reproductive tissues) 50%

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5
Q

Role of liver regarding cholesterol:

A
  • major site of biosynthesis
  • major distribution point for cholesterol
  • Liver HMG-CoA reducatase –> affected by statins
  • major route for cholesterol elimination from the body (conversion to bile acids)
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6
Q

role of plasma lipoproteins:

A
  • delivery of lipids (TAAGs, cholesterol, cholesterol esters) to the body
  • shelter these hydrophobic lipids from water
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7
Q

Mechanisms for delivery of lipids to cells- fatty acids of TAGs:

A
  • fatty acids from TAGs are released from lipoproteins by lipases (LPL and HL) in capillary walls
  • free FA are then absorbed by cells
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8
Q

Mechanism for delivery of lipids-cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and unhydrolyzed TAGs:

A
  • endocytosis of the lipoprotein after binding to surface cell receptor
  • degraded in lysosomes
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9
Q

Synthesis site for chylomicrons

A

-enterocytes

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10
Q

Synthesis site for VLDLs

A

-liver

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11
Q

Synthesis site for IDLs

A

-in circulation for VLDLs

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12
Q

Synthesis site for L:DLs

A

-in circulation from IDLs

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13
Q

Synthesis site for HDLs

A
  • 80% liver

- 20% intestine

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14
Q

Chylomicrons

  • major components
  • major role:
A
  • 88% TAGs
  • 4% cholesterol/cholesteryl esters

-Dietary TAGs to tissues & remnants to liver

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15
Q

VLDL

  • major components
  • major role:
A
  • 50% TAGs
  • 23% cholesterol/cholesteryl esters

-TAGs FROM the liver

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16
Q

IDL

  • major components
  • major role:
A
  • 29% TAGs
  • 43% cholesterol/cholesteryl esters

-more dense

  • C, CE TO liver
  • converted to LDL
17
Q

LDL

  • major components
  • major role:
A
  • 13% TAGs
  • 58% cholesterol/cholesteryl esters
  • more more dense!
  • C and CE TO liver and extra hepatic tissues
18
Q

HDL

  • major components
  • major role:
A
  • 13-16% TAGs
  • 35-41% cholesterol/cholesteryl esters
  • MOST DESIRABLE - we want to get rid of cholesterol
  • C and CE FROM extra-hepatic tissues TO liver (reverse C and CE transport)
19
Q

reverse cholesterol is:

A

bringing back to liver- get rid of cholesterol

20
Q

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

  • location
  • role
A
  • capillary walls
  • hydrolyzes TAGs in chylomicrons, VLDLs, and IDLs
  • induced by insulin
21
Q 
Hepatic lipase (HL)
-role?
A

-hydrolyses TAGs in IDLs to LDLs

22
Q

Lecithin (PC) - Cholesterol Acyl transferase (LCAT)

  • where?
  • role?
A
  • on HDLs
  • transfers fatty acids from lecithin to C to form CE in HDLs
  • C is kept in lipoprotein monolayer
23
Q

Apo B-100

  • found in?
  • role?
A
  • VLDLs
  • IDLs
  • LDLs

-Binds LDL receptor

24
Q

Apo B-48

  • found in?
  • role?
A
  • chylomicrons and remnants

- structural role

25
Q

ApoE

  • found where?
  • role?
A
  • Chylomicrons
  • VLDLs
  • IDLs
  • HDLs
  • Binds LDL receptor
  • reservoir on HDLs
26
Q

Apo C-11

  • found where
  • role?
A
  • Chylomicrons
  • VLDLs
  • IDLs
  • HDLs
  • activates lipoprotein lipase
  • reservoir on HDLs
27
Q

Apo A-1

  • found where?
  • role?
A
  • HDLs

- activates LCAT

28
Q

Which particle brings cholesterol back to liver for excretion or whatever?

A
  • HDL
  • IDL (can also take away from liver)
  • LDL (can also take away from liver)
29
Q

Which particle brings cholesterol away from the liver for use?

A
  • VLDL
  • IDL (can also bring back to liver)
  • LDL (can also bring back to liver)

Cardiology Exam 1 (24 decks)

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