Dyslipidemia to include Hyperlipidemia. Flashcards
defined as an elevated total or low-density (LDL)
cholesterol levels, or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke.
Dyslipidemia
Refers to an abnormally high concentration of fats or lipids in the blood and is interchangeable with dyslipidemia.
Hyperlipidemia
A significant component of all cell membranes and is used to make essential molecules such as hormones, fat-soluble vitamins, and bile acids to digest your food.
Cholesterol
are stored in your fat cells. Later, hormones release triglycerides for energy between meals.
Triglycerides
Primary three different
lipoproteins- Cholesterol
VLDL, LDL, and HDL molecules.
Most Triglyceride molecules are found in
VLDL particles.
LDL is defined as?
is considered “bad cholesterol” as elevated levels have been shown
to accelerate plaque formation.
low desity - large
HDL is defined as?
is considered “good cholesterol” because it transports cholesterol
to your liver to be expelled from your body.
high density - small
ASCVD Risk Calculator
Primary Prevention Dyslipidemia
refers to patients that have been diagnosed with Coronary Heart
Disease (CHD) aka atherosclerotic plaques.
Secondary Prevention Dyslipidemia
Most patients will be asymptomatic
AMI can be the presenting symptom
High Triglyceride level (> 1000 mg/dl) can cause formation of eruptive Xanthomas (red yellow papules, especially on the buttocks).
High Triglycerides levels (>2000 mg/dl) can cause Lipemia retinalis (cream colored blood vessels in the fundus of the eye).
High Triglycerides can precipitate acute pancreatitis.
High LDL concentrations can lead to tendinous Xanthomas on certain tendons (Achilles, patella, and back of the hand).
Symptoms/Physical Exam Findings: Dyslipidemia
(1) Familial Hypercholesterolemia
(2) Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
(5) Type II DM
(8) Hypothyroidism
(9) Pregnancy
(4) Obesity
Differential Diagnosis: Dyslipidemia
Lipid panel (Cholesterol, Trig, HDL, LDL)
Labs/Studies: Dyslipidemia
-Low Fat Diet
-Mediterranean Diet
-High Fiber diets (40-45 grams per day).
-Stop Smoking
-Aerobic exercise at least 40 minutes 3-4 times per week that involves moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity.
-Weight loss if overweight or obese
-Reduce alcohol intake to 1-2 standard drinks per day.
Treatment Non-Pharmacological: Dyslipidemia
Statins
Simvastatin 5-10 mg, 80 mg max
Pharmacological Treatment: Dyslipidemia
