Dyslipidemia Flashcards
What are the major lipids in the body?
Cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids
What are the major lipids transported with and what are they called?
They are transported in with proteins in complexes called lipoproteins
What are the 4 types of lipoproteins?
- Cholymicrons
- vLDL
- LDL
- HDL
When does cholesterol synthesis usually occur?
At nightime
What are triglycerides composed of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is the purpose of triglycerides?
To provide adipose tissue with a source of energy
What is the protein portion of a lipoprotein known as?
Apolipoprotein
What is the purpose of lipoproteins?
to carry lipids to target tissues
Where are cholymicrons generated?
In the GI tract
What are cholymicrons mostly composed of?
Triglycerides
Where is vLDL created?
In the liver
What is contained in the core of vLDL?
60% triglycerides and 20% cholesterol
What happens when vLDL is hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase?
It forms IDL
What happens to IDL?
It is remodeled into LDL by hepatic lipase
What is LDL made up of?
Mostly cholesterol with a little bit of triglycerides
What is expressed on the surface of LDL to allow binding to LDL receptors?
Apoprotein B
What happens to hepatic LDL?
It’s converted into bile acids and secreted into the intestinal lumen
What happens to non-hepatic LDL?
It is used for hormone and cell membrane synthesis
What controls the internalization of LDL?
A negative feedback loop control of LDL receptors
Where is HDL synthesized?
In the liver
Where does HDL acquire its surface components?
from vLDL remnants and free cholesterol from tissue sites and other lipoproteins
What protein does HDL express on its surface?
Apoprotein A-1
How does HDL mature into HDL2
It picks up excess cholesterol
What are additional functions performed by HDL?
- Inhibits monocyte migration into subuntimal space
- inhibits upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1
- Inhibits LDL oxidation
- Fibrinolytic
- Antiplatelet
- Restores endothelial function
