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Cardio > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major lipids in the body?

A

Cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids

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2
Q

What are the major lipids transported with and what are they called?

A

They are transported in with proteins in complexes called lipoproteins

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of lipoproteins?

A
  1. Cholymicrons
  2. vLDL
  3. LDL
  4. HDL
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4
Q

When does cholesterol synthesis usually occur?

A

At nightime

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5
Q

What are triglycerides composed of?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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6
Q

What is the purpose of triglycerides?

A

To provide adipose tissue with a source of energy

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7
Q

What is the protein portion of a lipoprotein known as?

A

Apolipoprotein

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8
Q

What is the purpose of lipoproteins?

A

to carry lipids to target tissues

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9
Q

Where are cholymicrons generated?

A

In the GI tract

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10
Q

What are cholymicrons mostly composed of?

A

Triglycerides

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11
Q

Where is vLDL created?

A

In the liver

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12
Q

What is contained in the core of vLDL?

A

60% triglycerides and 20% cholesterol

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13
Q

What happens when vLDL is hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase?

A

It forms IDL

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14
Q

What happens to IDL?

A

It is remodeled into LDL by hepatic lipase

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15
Q

What is LDL made up of?

A

Mostly cholesterol with a little bit of triglycerides

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16
Q

What is expressed on the surface of LDL to allow binding to LDL receptors?

A

Apoprotein B

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17
Q

What happens to hepatic LDL?

A

It’s converted into bile acids and secreted into the intestinal lumen

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18
Q

What happens to non-hepatic LDL?

A

It is used for hormone and cell membrane synthesis

19
Q

What controls the internalization of LDL?

A

A negative feedback loop control of LDL receptors

20
Q

Where is HDL synthesized?

A

In the liver

21
Q

Where does HDL acquire its surface components?

A

from vLDL remnants and free cholesterol from tissue sites and other lipoproteins

22
Q

What protein does HDL express on its surface?

A

Apoprotein A-1

23
Q

How does HDL mature into HDL2

A

It picks up excess cholesterol

24
Q

What are additional functions performed by HDL?

A
  1. Inhibits monocyte migration into subuntimal space
  2. inhibits upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1
  3. Inhibits LDL oxidation
  4. Fibrinolytic
  5. Antiplatelet
  6. Restores endothelial function
25
Q

What are two tests that allow for the monitoring of lipid levels?

A

Fasting lipid panel and NMR lipoprofile

26
Q

What is the equation to calculate LDL?

A

LDL-C = TC-HDL-vLDL (vLDL=TG/5)

27
Q

When can Friedwald’s equation not be used?

A

When TG are greater than 400 mg/dL

28
Q

What is the equation to calculate non-HDL-C?

A

TC - HDL

29
Q

What is a desirable level of Non-HDL?

A

Less than 130

30
Q

What is a desirable level of LDL-C?

A

Less than 100

31
Q

What is an above desirable level of Non-HDL?

A

130-159

32
Q

What is an above desirable level of LDL-C?

A

100-129

33
Q

What is a borderline high level of Non-HDL

A

160-189

34
Q

What is a borderline high level of LDL-C?

A

130-159

35
Q

What is a high level of Non-HDL?

A

190-219

36
Q

What is a high level of LDL-C?

A

160-189

37
Q

What is a very high level of Non-HDL?

A

greater than or equal to 220

38
Q

What is a very high level of LDL-C?

A

greater than or equal to 190

39
Q

What is considered a low level of HDL in men?

A

Less than 40

40
Q

What is considered a low level of HDL in women?

A

Less than 50

41
Q

What is a normal level of triglycerides?

A

Less than 150

42
Q

What is a borderline high level of triglycerides?

A

150-199

43
Q

What is a high level of triglycerides?

A

200-499

44
Q

What is a very high level of triglycerides?

A

greater than or equal to 500

Cardio (11 decks)

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