dYSLIPIDEMIA

Question 1

Secondary Etilology
Drugs

Answer 1

Atypical antipsychotics, diuretics, beta-blockers,
glucocorticoids, oral estrogen and progestin,
tacrolimus, and cyclosporine

Question 2

Secondary Etilology
Diet

Answer 2

Alcohol use, anorexia, weight gain, excessive
carbohydrate intake, and high saturated fat intake

Question 3

Secondary Etilology
Metabolism disorders

Answer 3

Nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, biliary
obstruction, hypothyroidism, and pregnancy

Question 4

Secondary Etilology
Diseases

Answer 4

Hypothyroidism, pregnancy, obesity, polycystic
ovarian syndrome (PCOS), uncontrolled diabetes,
liver disease, and chronic kidney disease-

Question 5

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 5

1- Waist circumfernce ≥102 cm in men ≥88 cm in women
2-High triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dl
3- low HDL ≤40 mg/dl in men ≤50 mg/dl in women
4- Increased blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg
5- Elevated fasting glucose ≥100 mg/d

Question 6

Symptoms of ASCVD:

Answer 6

Chest pain, and shortness of breath
* Laboratory Tests:
Ø ↑ total cholesterol
Ø ↑ LDL
Ø ↑ TGs
Ø ↑ apolipoprotein B
Ø ↑ hsCRP
Ø ↓ HDL

Question 7

• High-Risk Conditions

Answer 7

1. Age ≥65 y
2. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
3. History of prior coronary artery bypass surgery
   or percutaneous coronary intervention outside of the major ASCVD events)
4. Diabetes
5. Hypertension
6. CKD (eGFR 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m2)
7. Current smoking
8. Persistently elevated LDL-C (LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL [≥2.6 mmol/L]) despite maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe
9. History of congestive HF

Question 8

• Major ASCVD Events

Answer 8

1. Recent ACS (within the past 12 months)
2. History of MI (other than recent ACS event listed above)
3. History of ischemic stroke
4. Symptomatic PAD (history of claudication with ABl <0.85 or previous revascularization or amputation)

Question 9

• Diabetes-Specific Risk Enhancers:

Answer 9

• Long duration (≥10 years for type 2 diabetes or ≥20 years for type 1 diabetes)
• Albuminuria ≥30 mcg of albumin/mg creatinine
• eGFR <60 mL/min
• Retinopathy
• Neuropathy
• ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9