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CVR Biweekly 2 > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

increase in serum cholesterol leads to what

A

increased risk for CHD

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2
Q

greatest risk factor for CHD

A

low HDL’s and normal to elevated LDL’s

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3
Q

what increases with exercise

A

HDL’s

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4
Q

most dangerous LDLs

A

small and dense (TG rich)

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5
Q

dumptrucks and scavenge the cholesterol out of serum

A

HDL’s

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6
Q

4 broad and main steps of atherosclerosis

A
  1. endothelial dysfuntion
  2. LDL comes in and becomes oxidized (oxLDL)
  3. macrophages engulf particles but can’t break them down
  4. foam cells; more macrophages attract others to come in and overtime buildup of foam cells
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7
Q

occurs when foam cells continue to build up inside endothelial cells of vessel; reversible

A

fatty streak

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8
Q

total cholesterol=

A

HDL + LDL + VLDL

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9
Q

VLDL=

A

TG/5

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10
Q

primary treatment for all lipid related disorders

A

diet and exercise

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11
Q

_____ comes from excess caloric intake and lack of exercise

A

excess cholesterol

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12
Q

drug that also helps upregulate LDLR on liver membrane to bring in more LDL from blood

A

statins

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13
Q

Ezetimibe + statins=

A

block cholesterol and upregulate LDLR

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14
Q

elevated level of lipids in blood

A

hyperlipidemia

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15
Q

imbalance of lipids in blood

A

dyslipidemia

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16
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

TG>150

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17
Q

hypercholesteremia

A

TC>200

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18
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

HDL <40(male) <50 (female)
TG>150

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19
Q

lipids appear normal
FH of heart attack in 20s
G5 and G8 disruption (plant sterols in blood)

A

Sitosterolemia

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20
Q

to Rx sitosterolemia

A

Ezetimibe

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21
Q

no beta band (no LDL)
TG in gut can’t get out and baby is gassy (likes fruit juice)
TG stays in liver and can lead to cirrhosis

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

22
Q

main cause of abetalipoproteinemia

A

no MTP

23
Q

due to absence of LPL lipase or apoC2
rare; recessive
TG’s>1000
presents in childhood

A

familial hypertriglyceridemia (type I)

24
Q

familial hypertriglyceridemia can lead to what

A

pancreatitis

25
Q

to Rx familial hypertriglyceridemia

A

fasting

26
Q

low HDL; high small dense LDL (TG rich LDL’s)
elevated remnants

A

metabolic dyslipidemia (metabolic syndrome) type II

27
Q

abnormal band dis beta (remnants)
uncommon
abnormal apoE2 (VLDL and chylomicrons accumulate—elevated TG’s)

A

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III)

28
Q

1 sign of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia on palms

A

palmar xanthomas

29
Q

another sign of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia on elbows and knees

A

tuberoeruptive xanthomas

30
Q

decrease in what leads to elevated TG’s

A

chylomicron apoproteins

31
Q

uncommon
TG’s -500-5000
VLDL and chylomicron defect
overproduction and impaired clearance of TGs
rarely seen in childhood

A

Familial hyperlipoproteinemia

32
Q

sign of Familial hyperlipoproteinemia on glutes

A

eruptive xanthomas

33
Q

elevated LDL
1/5 adults

A

primary hypercholesterolemia

34
Q

defect in LDLR
FH of premature CHD
corneal arcus, xanthelasma, tendon xanthomas

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia

35
Q
A

corneal arcus (familial hypercholesterolemia)

36
Q
A

Xanthelasma (familial hypercholesterolemia)

37
Q
A

tendon xanthomas (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

38
Q
A

tendon xanthomas (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

39
Q

TC: 270-370
AD
xanthomas less frequent
LDL accumulates in blood

A

Familial defective apoB100

40
Q

LDLR recycling defective (less LDLR)

A

Familial PCSK-9

41
Q

blocks PCSK9 and reduces LDL in plasma dramatically

A

specific antibodies

42
Q

overproduction of apoB100
variable lipoprotein pattern
elevated LDL, TC, TG, low HDL

A

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

43
Q

1/4 american adults
due to multiple faulty genes leading to elevated TC and LDL

A

Polygenic hypercholesterolemia

44
Q

less LDLR, more LDL
associated with Alzheimers

A

apoE4 isoforms

45
Q

has high affinity for apoER (remnants not being taken up)

A

E4

46
Q

abnormal protein attached to LDL
has clotting effects
found elevated when you run tests (genetic)

A

Lpa

47
Q

good or bad low HDL <40 or <50

A

BAD

48
Q

apoproteins that produce HDL

A

A1 and E

49
Q

HDL to cholesterol ester

A

LCAT

50
Q

HDL can do 2 things when it picks up cholesterol

A
  1. exchange to cholesterol ester
  2. pick up apoE and take to liver to be cleared
51
Q

decrease HDL=increase

A

cholesterol in artery wall

CVR Biweekly 2 (15 decks)

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