Dyslipidaemia / Atherosclerosis

Question 1

What are the stages of atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

• Injury of endothelial cell.
• Causes adhesion molecules to come to the surface, monocytes bind to endothelial cells.
• Take up oxidised LDL which bind to monocytes to form foam cells.
• Foam cells stick to blood vessels under endothelial cells.
• Formation of necrotic core bc they cant get nutrients & oxygen needs.
• Fibrous cap formation - can thin
• Plaque rupture -> heart attack / stroke.

Question 2

What are the causes of primary dyslipidaemia?

Answer 2

• Familial combined hyperlipidaemia.
• Type 3 hyperlipidaemia
• Polygenic hypercholesterolaemia
• Primary hypertriglyceridemia.
• Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.

Question 3

What are the signs of hyperlipidaemia?

Answer 3

• Corneal arcus
• Tendon xanthomas
• Xanthelesma

Question 4

What causes secondary dyslipidaemia?

Answer 4

• DM
• Hypothyroidism
• Chronic renal failure
• Alcoholism
• Liver disease.

Question 5

What drugs can cause secondary dyslipidaemia ?

Answer 5

• Thiazide like diuretics
• Loop diuretics
• B - Blocker
• Oral Contraceptives
• Ciclosporin
• CC
• Isotretinoin
• Tamoxifen