Dysarthria Differential Diagnosis Flashcards
Type: Flaccid
Locus:
Primary Deficit:
LMN
Weakness, hypotonia
Type: Spastic
Locus:
Primary Deficit:
UMN
Spasticity; hypertonia
Type: Unilateral UMN
Locus:
Primary Deficit:
Unilateral UUMN
weakness; incoord; spasticity
Type: Ataxic
Locus:
Primary Deficit:
cerebellar control circuit
incoordination
Type: Hyperkinetic
Locus:
Primary Deficit:
basal ganglia control
involuntary movements
Type: hypokinetic
locus:
primary deficit:
basal ganglia control
rigidity/decreased ROM
Mixed:
locus:
Primary deficit
more than one
more than one
Flaccid dysarthria:
due to ?
the underlying causes of flaccid dysarthria are ? which affects the ?
Flaccid dysarthria is the only dysarthria where speech may ?
LMN damage / muscle weakness and decreased tone / speed, range and accuracy of speech
rapidly deteriorate during ongoing communication and recover with rest
Flaccid:
phonatory incompetence:
resonatory incompetence:
phonatory-prosodic insufficiency:
breathiness, short phrases, audible inspiration
hypernasality, imprecise consonants, nasal emission, short phrases
harsh voice, monoloudness, monopitch
Spastic Dysarthria:
due to:
the underlying cause of spastic dysarthria is a combination of? with resulting ?
spastic dysarthria is often described as ?
bilateral UMN damage
- weakness and spasticity
- slow movement and reduced range and force of movement
slow and effortful
Spastic Dysarthria:
prosodic excess:
articulatory-resonatory imcompetence:
prosodic insufficiency:
phonatory stenosis:
excess and equal stress, slow rate
imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, hypernasality
monoloudness, reduced stress, short phrases
low pitch, harshness, strained-strangled voice, pitch breaks, short phrases, slow rate
UUMN dysarthria:
results from
there is ? and sometimes also?
unilateral?
UUMN dysarthria generally produces ?
unilateral UMN damage
weakness and sometimes also spasticity and incoordination
facial weakness, unilateral tongue weakness, and hemiparesis/hemiplegia
mild and various speech characteristics
UUMN
articulatory incompetence:
imprecise consonants, irregular articulatory breakdowns, vowel distortions
ataxic dysarthria:
results from damage to the ?
the combination of ? results in ?
speech may sound? as if ?
cerebellum or to its input or output pathways
incoordination and reduced muscle tone/ slowness and inaccuracy in the force, range, timing and direction of speech movements
slurred, drunk
Ataxic:
articulatory inaccuracy
prosodic excess
phonatory-prosodic insufficiency
imprecise consonants, irregular articulatory breakdowns
distorted vowels, excess and equal stress, prolonges phonemes, prolonged intervals, slow rate
harshness, monopitch, monoloudness
Hyperkinetic dysarthria:
resultrs from a ?
direct ?
indirect?
damage results in ?
disorder of basal ganglia
pathways (corticobulbar and or corticospinal tracts) facilitative
pathways (inhibitory)
abnormal, rhythmic or irregular and unpredictable, rapid or slow involuntary movement
Hyperkinesias can be described as either:
fast:
slow:
nonsustained involuntary movements, slowness of movement, and variable muscle hypertonus
Sustained involuntary movements, slowness of movement, and variable muscle hypertonus
Hyperkinetic (highly dependent on ? )
phonatory excess:
prosodic incompetence:
articulatory incompetence
harsh voice quality
excess and equal stress, prolonged phonemes and phoneme intervals
imprecise consonants, irregular articulatory breakdowns
Hypokinetic dysarthria:
results from?
direct pathways
indirect ?
the underlying causes are ?
corticobulbar and or corticospinal tracts (facilitative) indirect pathways (inhibitory)
rigidity, reduced force and range of movement and slow individual but sometimes fast repetitive movements of speech
Hypokinetic:
prosodic insufficiency:
monopitch monoloudness reduced stress short phrases variable rate short rushes of speech imprecise consonants
