Dysarthria Diagnoses

Question 1

What is Apraxia?

Answer 1

Disturbance to brain circuits devoted to the programming of articulatory movements are impaired

Question 1

What is Dysarthria?

Answer 1

Disturbances in motor control due to damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, e.g., some degree of weakness, slowness, incoordination, or altered muscle tone

Question 2

Etiologies for Flaccid Dysarthria?

Answer 2

Surgical, Myasthenia Gravis, ALS, Brainstem Stroke, Trauma, Guillain Barre, MS

Question 3

Name of Disorder that gets worse with use by improves with rest?

Answer 3

Myasthenia Gravis (DON’T DO THERAPY)

Question 4

Site and Type of Damage for Flaccid

Answer 4

Lower motor neurons, lesions in final common pathway

Question 5

Oral Mech Signs of Flaccid

Answer 5

atrophy, fasciculations, hypoactive gag, hypotonia, rapid deterioration and recovery with rest, reduced range of motion on AMRs, nasal regurgitation, synkinesis, facial myokymia

Question 6

Speech Characteristics of Flaccid

Answer 6

reduced volume, higher frequency of breathing, monotone, hypernasal, slurred/weak articulation,

Question 7

Etiologies of Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 7

Brainstem stroke, multiple strokes, TBI, CP, ALS (progressive diseases)

Question 8

Site and Type of Damage for Spastic

Answer 8

Bilateral Upper motor neurons (direct and indirect pathways)

Question 9

Oral Mech Signs of Spastic

Answer 9

Dysphagia, drooling, hyperactive gag, sucking reflex, jaw jerk reflex, sucking reflex, pseudobulbar affect, hypertonia, reduced range of motion on AMRs

Question 10

Speech Characteristics for Spastic

Answer 10

strained/strangled vocal quality, sluggish velar movement, slow rate of speech, hypernasality, slow articulation, reduced range of prosodic variation

Question 11

Etiologies of Ataxic Dysarthria

Answer 11

Fredrick’s Ataxia, Stroke in Cerebellum, TBI, tumors, MS, toxicity (like alcoholism or lead)

Question 12

Site and Type of Damage for Ataxic

Answer 12

Cerebellum

Question 13

Oral Mech Signs of Ataxic

Answer 13

Hypotonia, Dysmetric jaw, face, and AMRs (dysmetric = overshoot or undershoot), head temor

Question 14

Speech Characteristics of Ataxic

Answer 14

irregular AMRs, excess and/or equal stress, prolonged phonemes/pauses, harshness, mono pitch/monoloudness, reduced/irregular breath groups, telescoping of syllables

Question 15

Etiologies of Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Answer 15

Parkinson’s disease, Parkinsonism, Vascular Parkinson’s, Vascular Parkinson’s

Question 16

Site and Type of Damage for Hypokinetic

Answer 16

Basal Ganglia

Question 17

Oral Mech Signs of Hypokinetic

Answer 17

Masked Face, Festination, loss of postural reflexes, infrequent swallowing

Question 18

Speech Characteristics of Hypokinetic

Answer 18

reduced volume, breathy/rough voice, reduced articulation, disfluency, rapid speech rate, imprecise consonants, monotone, REDUCED VOLUME (like mumbling)

Question 19

Etiologies of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Answer 19

Huntington’s Disease, Trdive Dyskinesia, Tourette’s, Tremor

Question 20

Site and Type of Damage for Hyperkinetic

Answer 20

Basal Ganglia

Question 21

Oral Mech Signs of Hyperkinetic

Answer 21

dysphagia, head tremor, involuntary head, jaw, face, tongue, palate, and respiratory movements, facial grimacing during speech, sensory “tricks”

Question 22

Speech Characteristics for Hyperkinetic

Answer 22

Tremor sounding voice, too much movement of articulators, don’t really see this since they don’t really have any speech problems

Question 23

Etiologies for UUMN Dysarthria

Answer 23

Stroke, Tumor, Surgical Damage, (focal lesions)

Question 24

Site and Type of Damage for UUMN

Answer 24

unilateral upper motor neurons

Question 25

Oral Mech Signs of UUMN

Answer 25

unilateral lower face weakness, contralateral weakness, mild to moderate laminal distortion

Question 26

Speech Characteristics of UUMN

Answer 26

affects /s,th,t,f,v/ phonemes, slurred speech, intelligibility is good, slower AMRs,