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Musical Concepts > Dynamics and Expressive Techniques > Flashcards

Dynamics and Expressive Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What does dynamics mean in music?

A

Dynamics refers to the volume of sound. Important aspects include the relative softness and loudness of sound, change of loudness (contrast), and the emphasis on individual sounds (accent)

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2
Q

What is the purpose of expressive techniques in music?

A

Expressive techniques are used to create musical detail and interest that articulates a style of interpretation of a style.

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3
Q

What are the four main aspects of Dynamics and Expressive techniques in music?

A

Changes in dynamic levels, emphasis on sounds, dynamic levels and expressive techniques.

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4
Q

When analysing dynamics in music, what should we be looking out for?

A
  1. How loud or soft the music is.
  2. How the volume changes during the pace.
  3. Where the emphasis (accent) is placed on particular sounds.
  4. The impact the volume has on the music.
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5
Q

Describe the use of dynamics during the Medieval period:

A

In the medieval period, dynamics were not a significant feature and volume levels mainly remained even throughout a piece.

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6
Q

Describe the use of dynamics during the Baroque period:

A

The Baroque period saw the beginning of the use of dynamics in music, but only in terms of loud and soft and there was no gradations between dynamic levels.

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7
Q

Describe the use of dynamics during the Classical period:

A

The classical period used soft and loud dynamic levels and also start to explore gradual changes between volume levels.

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8
Q

Describe the use of dynamics during the romantic period:

A

In the romantic period, composers explored a range of dynamics to convey powerful moods.

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9
Q

Describe the use of dynamics during the twentieth and twenty first century:

A

In the art music of the twentieth and twenty first century, composers and performers experimented greatly with all musical concepts including the extremes of dynamic levels.

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10
Q

What heavily influenced the changes of dynamic use in music overtime?

A

Improvements in instrumental technology.

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11
Q

Piano (p)

A

Soft

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12
Q

Pianissimo (pp)

A

Very soft

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13
Q

Pianississimo (ppp)

A

Very very soft

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14
Q

Pianissississimo (pppp)

A

Very very very soft

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15
Q

Mezzo piano (mp)

A

Moderately soft

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16
Q

Forte (f)

A

Loud

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17
Q

Fortissimo (ff)

A

Very loud

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18
Q

fortississimo (fff)

A

Very very loud

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19
Q

Fortissississmo (ffff)

A

Very very very loud

20
Q

Crescendo

A

Gradually getting louder

21
Q

Descrescendo/diminuendo

A

Gradually getting softer

22
Q

Perdendo/perdenosi

A

Means loosing volume, fading into nothing, dying away

23
Q

Fortepiano

A

Means loud and then immediately soft

24
Q

Fortissimo piano

A

Very loud and then immediately soft

25
Q

Mezzo forte piano

A

Moderately loud and then immediately soft

26
Q

Pianoforte

A

Means soft and then immediately loud

27
Q

In rilievo

A

Indicates that a particular instrument or part is to play louder than the others so it stands out.

28
Q

Dal niente

A

From nothing, out of silence

29
Q

Al niente

A

To nothing, fade to silence

30
Q

Sotto voce

A

In an undertone (whispered or unvoiced)

31
Q

Smorzando

A

Becoming muffled or toned down

32
Q

Calando

A

Become softer and slower

33
Q

Messa di voce

A

A style of singing involving changing volume while holding a single note

34
Q

Poco

A

Little

35
Q

Poco crescendo

A

Means get a little louder gradually

36
Q

Poco decrescendo

A

Means get a little softer gradually

37
Q

Explain accents

A

Accents are dynamic levels for specific notes and sounds. Accents are stresses on particular notes to shape the musical phrase.

38
Q

Subito

A

Sudden changes

39
Q

Subito piano

A

Suddenly softer

40
Q

Subito forte

A

Suddenly louder

41
Q

Szforzando

A

With sudden emphasis either on a note or chord.

42
Q

Szforzando piano

A

Sudden emphasis then suddenly decreasing in loudness.

43
Q

Marcato

A

Stressed

44
Q

Reinforzando

A

Indicates that several notes, or a short phrase, are to be emphasized

45
Q

Fermata

A

Indicates that the music stops and holds the note until the conductor or soloist moves on

46
Q

Breath marks

A

Indicates a quick break, or for a wind instrument or voice, a breath.

47
Q

Caesura

A

Also known as great pause which indicates a full stop and pause before the music continues.

Musical Concepts (7 decks)

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