Dynamic Equilibrium Flashcards
What is a reversible reaction?
One where the products can react with each other to produce the original reactants - it can go both ways.
A + B ⇌ C + D
What is an example of a reversible reaction?
The Haber process.
What happens during the Haber process?
Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia:
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
In the Haber process, how is the nitrogen (N2) obtained?
N2 is obtained easily from the air, which is about 78% nitrogen.
In the Haber process, how is the hydrogen (H2) obtained?
H2 is extracted from hydrocarbons from sources such as natural gas and crude oil.
What TEMPERATURE is the Haber process carried out at?
450°C
What PRESSURE is the Haber process carried out at?
200 atmospheres
In the Haber process, what other condition is needed other than temperature and pressure?
An iron catalyst.
What happens as the reactants (A and B) react?
Their concentration falls, so the forward reaction will slow down.
What happens as more and more of the products (C and D) are made?
Their concentrations rise, so the backward reaction will speed up.
What is equilibrium?
When the forward reaction is going at the same rate as the backwards reaction.
What happens at equilibrium?
Both reactions are still happening, but there is no overall effect.
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
When the forward and backward reactions are both happening at the same time and same rate, and the concentrations of reactants and products have reached a balance and won’t change.
Where can equilibrium only be reached?
In a closed system - this means that none of the reactants or products can escape.
When a reaction is at equilibrium, does it mean that the amounts of reactants and products are equal?
No.
