Dynamic Earth: Chapter 3 and 4

Question 1

over 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by…

Answer 1

Oceans

Question 2

continental margin that has a continental shelf, slope, and rise descending to the abyssal plain

Answer 2

Passive Continental Margin

Question 3

continental margin that has shelves and slopes but the slope extends down into a deep oceanic trench

Answer 3

Active Continental Margins

Question 4

gently seaward sloping shallow submarine platforms at the edges of continents

Answer 4

Continental Shelves

Question 5

steep slopes that extend down from the edge of the continental shelf to the abyssal plain

Answer 5

Continental Slopes

Question 6

v-shaped valleys that run across continental shelves and down continental slopes

Answer 6

Submarine Canyons

Question 7

gently seaward-sloping wedges of sediments extending from base of continental slope to deep sea floor

Answer 7

Continental Rises

Question 8

extremely flat regions beyond the base of the continental rise

Answer 8

Abyssal Plains

Question 9

a narrow, deep trough parallel to the edge of a continent or an island arc, the deepest parts of the oceans

Answer 9

Oceanic Trench

Question 10

giant undersea mountain range extending around the world like seams on a baseball

Answer 10

Mid-Oceanic Ridge

Question 11

1-2km deep valley that runs down the crest of the Mid-Oceanic ridge

Answer 11

Rift Valley

Question 12

conical undersea mountains that rise (equal to or greater than) 1000m above the sea floor

Answer 12

Sea Mounts

Question 13

flat topped seamounts, apparently cut by wave action and commonly capped with coral reefs

Answer 13

Guyots

Question 14

wave resistant ridges of coral and other calcareous organisms

Answer 14

Reefs

Question 15

refers to a body of techniques for investifgating phenomena aquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.

Answer 15

Scientific Method

Question 16

the Earth’s surface is divided into a few large, thick plates that move slowly and change in size over time

Answer 16

Plate Tectonics

Question 17

continents move freely over the surface of the Earth, changing their positions relative to one another

Answer 17

Continental Drift

Question 18

seafloor forms at the crest of mid oceanic ridges, and moves horizontally away from the ridge, moving towards and oceanic trench; proposed by Harry Hess in the 1960s

Answer 18

Seafloor Spreading

Question 19

within an orogenic belt and bounded by strike-slip faults

Answer 19

Suspect Terrane

Question 20

on oceanic lithosphere that “sails” the seas until one day encounters/collides with continental crust

Answer 20

Displaced Terrrane