Dynamic Earth: Chapter 1

Question 1

the scientific study of the Earth

Answer 1

Geology

Question 2

the study of Earth’s materials, changes of the surface and interior of the Earth, and the forces that cause those changes.

Answer 2

Physical Geology

Question 3

Natural Resources, Geological Hazards, and Environmental Protection are the three…

Answer 3

Practical Aspects of Geology

Question 4

Earth layer: Continental Crust: thicker and less dense. Oceanic Crust: thinner, more dense. (30km thick and 0dg Celsius)

Answer 4

Crust

Question 5

Earth layer: Hot solid that flows slowly. (2,900km 1000dg Celsius (Mg, Fe, Al, Si, O)

Answer 5

Mantle

Question 6

Earth layer: Outer: metallic liquid. Inner: metallic solid, mostly iron (5,200km, Liquid, 4300dg Celsius (Fe, S)

Answer 6

Core

Question 7

Earth layer: Solid (Fe)

Answer 7

Inner core

Question 8

created 4.56 m.y.a

Answer 8

Earth

Question 9

Formed 4 b.y.a, upper most mantle, underlying the lithosphere

Answer 9

Asthenosphere

Question 10

the gases that envelope the earth

Answer 10

Atmosphere

Question 11

water on or near the earths surface

Answer 11

Hydrosphere

Question 12

All living or once living materials

Answer 12

Biosphere

Question 13

the solid rocky earth

Answer 13

Geosphere

Question 14

An engine that gets its energy from the sun, is the driver of atmospheric and hydrospheric circulation, and controls the weathering of rocks at Earth’s surface

Answer 14

Earth’s External Heat Engine

Question 15

An engine that drives most geospheric phenomena (volcanic magnetism, tectonism)

Answer 15

Earth’s Internal Heat Engine

Question 16

A mechanical layer (100km) both crust and uppermost mantle that makes up earths tectonic plates.

Answer 16

Lithosphere

Question 17

A boundary in which plates move apart, magma rises, cools and forms new lithosphere

Answer 17

Divergent Boundaries

Question 18

A boundary in which plates slide past one another, fault zones, earthquakes mark boundaries

Answer 18

Transform Boundaries

Question 19

A boundary in which plates move toward each other, common as mountain belts and volcanoes

Answer 19

Convergent Boundaries

Question 20

volcanic and/or tectonic forces build crust above sea level, erosion allows isostatic uplift of underlying continental rocks

Answer 20

Uplift

Question 21

rainfall and glaciers flow down slopes, moving water, ice and wind loosen and erode geological materials creating sediment

Answer 21

Weathering and Erosion

Question 22

loose sediment is deposited and earlier sediments get buried by later ones and harden

Answer 22

Deposition

Question 23

word describing elevation

Answer 23

Topographic

Question 24

land under a body of water

Answer 24

Bathymetric

Question 25

location of an earthquake

Answer 25

Epicenter