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DWV Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Fixture Outlet Pipe?

A

Is the section of drain pipe bn the drain outlet of a fixture and the trap serving it.

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2
Q

What is the max length of a fixture outlet pipe? and why?

A

Max length = 4’ (1200mm)
Why? = Prevents velocity of the water draining via fixture outlet / siphoning the trap (aka self-siphonage)

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3
Q

What are the rules for a fixture drain in a 3 compartment commercial kitchen sink?

A

Fixture outlet pipe is increased in one size.

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4
Q

What is a P-trap about?

A

It is a non-mechanical device that prevents odours, animals / drafts from entering a building.
It should not affect the flow from the fixture when draining.

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5
Q

Why are there limitations to how far below the fixture a trap can be?

A

To control the velocity of water moving through the trap
-Too much velocity = self siphoning

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6
Q

Why does the trap arm have to be nominally horizontal?

A

Again, dt water velocity + self siphoning

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7
Q

Where would you find a integral trap?

A

Toilet and urinal. It is a trap that is built into the fixture

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8
Q

What is the pipe bn the trap weir + the vent pipe serving the fixture?

A

A trap arm

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9
Q

What is the min trap arm length?

A

Shall not be less than two pipe diameters

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10
Q

What does the max length depend on?

A

Size

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11
Q

The total fall of a trap arm shall not…

A

exceed one pipe diameter

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12
Q

What is a Fixture Drain?

A

the section of drainage pipe between pipe bn the outlet of a single fixture trap / another section of drainage system (ex: another fixture drain, a branch or a SOWS)

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13
Q

Tell me all about the Branch

A

A soil-or-waste pipe that serves at least 2 fixtures located on a single story
Downstream = connects to a stack, building drain, another branch or sewage sump.
Upstream = connects two fixture outlet pipes or fixture drains

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14
Q

SOWS EVERYWHERE (what is it?)

A

When a fixture drain or branch carries waste through at least one story.

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15
Q

Where must a clean out be located on a SOWS?

A

At the lowest vertical point

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16
Q

What must be located at the top of a SOWS?

A

Stack vent

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17
Q

What is a slug of water?

A

A high inflow rate of water that moves from horizontal –> vertical.
(branch/ fixture drain –> SOWS)

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18
Q

What is gravitational force?

A

When a sheet of water accelerates until frictional force (exerted by the pipe wall) = gravitational force

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19
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

When falling water remains at a constant (when no additional flow enters the stack)

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20
Q

What is terminal lenght?

A

The distance that maximum velocity is achieved
Term. velocity of 3 - 4.5 m/s (10 to 15fps) achieves term length at 3 - 4.5m (10 -15ft)

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21
Q

What is Hydraulic jump mean in drainage?

A

When flow goes from vertical stack to a horizontal branch /building drain at stack term. velocity.
As the horizontal drain pipe increases the flow slowly decreases

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22
Q

What happens if a trap is installed to close to the base of the stack?

A

There’s potential for trap seal loss dt static pressure caused from turbulence (from hydraulic jump)
DT the above fixture drains / branches be prohibited from being connected to a branch or sanitary building drain within 1.5m (5’) of the bottom of the SOWS

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23
Q

What is a Sanitary Building drain?

A
  • Connects to a sanitary building sewer at its downstream end
  • Becomes the main horizontal sanitary collection pipe within the
    building.
  • A c/o must be installed to serve the sanitary building sewer
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24
Q

Where should the c/o that serves the sanitary building sewer be installed?

A

On the 1m portion of the sanitary building drain outside the foundation wall.

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25
Q

Which part is considered the Sanitary Building Sewer?

A

Pipe that extends from the end of the Sanitary building drain (from 1m/39” outside the building)
Continues to either a public sewer, private sewer, on-site wastewater disposal system or other point of disposal.

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26
Q

Where is the c/o placed on a Sanitary Building Sewer?

A

Between the building wall + the main sewer
c/o is 4” w/ a water/gas tight cap

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27
Q

What prevents sewer pipes from settling / losing there grade?

A

Installing over compacted sand.

28
Q

Who is in charge of installing the sewer from the property line to the sewer main?

A

Municipal sewer crew
Plumbers take care of pipe from foundation –> property line

29
Q

What is a Sewage Sump Basin?

A

Used when fixtures are installed at a lower elevation than the gravity building drain.

30
Q

What is another name for Sewage Sump Basin?

A

sub-drainage system

31
Q

How does a Sewage Sump Basin work?

A

It lifts sewage up to the buildings gravity drain via automatic pump equipment.

32
Q

True or False: A sewage sump basin must be airtight to prevent gas from escaping.

A

True

33
Q

What is the min size of vent pipe to a sewage sump basin?

A

Vent pipe has to be one size smaller that the largest pipe that drains into sump.
Min size = 2 inches
Max size = 4 inches

34
Q

How many sump pumps would a commercial building have?

A

2 (duplex), one as back up. If 2 pumps are needed at once then 3 (triplex) pumps would be installed.

35
Q

How many sump pumps would a residential house have?

A

A single (simplex) pump. Flow here can easily be controlled by restricting usage.

36
Q

What do c/o provide?

A

They provide access to all parts of a drainage system so that obstructions can be removed

37
Q

What is the difference between a One-way rodding and a Two-way rodding?

A

One-way rodding = using a wye as a c/o
two-way rodding = using a line c/o or a manhole

38
Q

What changes when line c/o or manholes are used?

A

allowable distances bn c/o doubles

39
Q

When are Manholes used?

A

They are used for underground piping that is 8” or larger in diameter.

40
Q

What is Benching mean?

A

Is when a concrete channel is poured to direct flow.
Is shaped like a half-pipe and is left open at the top, which allows access.

41
Q

True or False: Manholes must be vented to open air when installed inside a building.

A

True!

42
Q

What does Vent piping allow?

A

Allows the building to breathe which limits the pressure differential on trap seals (max 1” WC/ 250 Pa)
Also lessons the chance of trap seals being siphoned out.

43
Q

What is an Individual vent?

A

A vent (duh) that serves only ONE fixture
Is connected to a horizontal trap arm.

44
Q

How is an Individual vent connected? (3 points)

A
  • Has to be installed into the trap arm in a nominally vertical
    fashion.
  • May extend from fixture being served –> outside air w/o being
    connected to other venting system.
  • May connect to another part of the venting system.
45
Q

What are Dual vents about?

A

Serves TWO fixtures
A double symmetrical fitting must be used when connecting the 2 fixtures to the branch. (like a Wye)

46
Q

Explain Continuous vents

A

Extends from a vertical SOWS
Can serve either one or two fixtures on the same storey

47
Q

Where is the most common application of a Continuous vent?

A

Seen in wet-vented branches.
If a Continuous vent isn’t connected to either a dual or individual vent, it’ll be connected to either a fixture drain/wet vent or branch/wet vent.

48
Q

Explain a Individual and Continuous vent

A

Serves only a single fixture connected to a vertical soil-or-waste pipe (using a single sanitary Tee) page 59 Learning task 3

49
Q

Explain Dual and Continuous vent

A

Serves 2 fixtures that connect to a soil-or-waste pipe
(Uses double sanitary tee) Page 59 Learning task 3

50
Q

Roughly explain Circuit venting… (You can do it!)

A

Is a method of commonly venting multiples of floor outlet fixtures (mostly w/c)

51
Q

How are Circuit vents connected?

A

Connected to the trap arm of the most upstream fixture.
Once connected, it can either:
A) extend upward to open air
B) Tie into another vent that connects to open air
Page 60 Learning Task 3

52
Q

What is a Relief vent?

A

Required in Circuit vented branches to assist w/ air circ. and to relieve pressure fluctuations dt fluid flow in the branch. (pg 60)

53
Q

How are Additional Circuit vents used?

A

They are required on Circuit vents when:
a) There are more than 8 fixtures connected bn vent pipes
b) There is a cumulative change in direction of more than 45 degrees bn circuit vent / relief vent

54
Q

What is an Offset relief vent?

A
  • Provides additional air circ to a SOWS w/ a nominally
    horizontal offset.
55
Q

When is an Offset relief vent needed?

A
  • If an offset is more than 60” (1.5m) long
  • The upper portion of the stack passes through 3 or more storeys
  • Has more than 100 fixtures on it.
56
Q

How is an Offset relief vent connected?

A

At the lowest end of the upper stack (after last SOW connection)
At the upper end of the lower stack at a point that’s higher than any drain connection. (page 62)

57
Q

What are Sump vents?

A

Serves the sewage sump basin only to ensure that the basin operates at atm pressure. (pg 63)

58
Q

What are Branch vents?

A
  • Is formed by combining 2 or more vent pipe.
  • The vent pipes cannot be stack vents or vent stacks.
  • Only some types of vents will become branch vents when tied into other vents.
59
Q

What is a Stack Vent?

A

It is the main vent for the SOWS

60
Q

Where does the Stack vent begin?

A
  • At the highest fixture connection to the sows
  • Typically extends through the roof
  • Can also connect to a vent stack or another stack vent = vent header –> open air

Page 63

61
Q

What is a Vent Stack?

A

Protects the base of a sows

62
Q

How does a Vent stack protect the base of a sows?

A

Relieves positive pressures that are created when a slug of discharge travelling down the soil stack.

63
Q

Where is the most effective connection of a Vent stack?

A
  • Is at or immediately below the lowest vertical drainage connection to the soil stack.
  • The above location has the highest pressure in the soil stack.
64
Q

When is a Vent stack required?

A

When SOWS has fixtures draining into it from more than four storeys

Wet vent sows are exempt from this…

65
Q

What is a Vent Header?

A
  • Is the result of 2 or more vent stack or stack vent being joined together.
  • Is Queen of the castle in the venting system
  • Always leads to outside air
  • Similar to stack vent, named differently in order to be sized by different rules

Stack vent + stack vent = vent header
Stack vent + Vent stack = Vent header
Vent stack + vent Stack = Vent header

Plumbing Level 2 (8 decks)

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