DWT 3 Flashcards
CP Two sources of globulin
Lymphocyte and liver (albumin also comes from the liver)
CP Only request serum protein electrophoresis if…
High globulin
CP
Hyperglobulinemia causes
And which causes poly or monoclonal gammopathy
Hint: one is cancer
Inflammation- small shift- Polyclonal gammopathy
- a delayed phase response due to chronic stimulation
B cell lymphoma or plasma cell neoplasm - big shift at specific globulin [gamma globulin usually]- Monoclonal gammopathy
CP Why does albumin go down with inflammation -guess
Albumin gives intravascular oncotic pressure that retains the free fluid inside the blood vessel
But during inflammation you want the fluid to go out and the blood stasis that helps neutrophils go out to tissue
So if the albumin goes down with inflammation then less fluid oncotic pressure so the fluid goes into interstisium
CP alpha and beta globulin are different from gamma globulin
Alpha and beta are acute phase proteins
The production (by the liver) of these proteins either increases
with inflammation (positive APP)
CP Fluid reference
Fuild with ice pack
No formalin
No stained smears
Overnight shipping
CP Criteria of malignancy
3-4 of these to be neoplasm
Nuclei molding
Different size cells anisocytosis
Different size nuclei anisokaryosis
Mitotic figures
Coarse chromatin
Multiple nuclei
Weird nucleoli
Loss of cellular polarity
Cr vs CK
Creatine vs creatine kinase
Cr- is a measure of glomerular filtration of muscle
CK - sensitive to muscle injury - goes up with muscle injury
Which age of animals have a higher half life for drugs/toxin
Lower kidney function and slow metabolism → old animals
Trematone
shakeroot it causes milk sickness - pregnant/lactating mothers are not clinical but calves are
What can be excreted in milk?
Organophosphate; pesticides that are lipophilic
Tremetones
Lead (lango to blood, liver, brain, bone)
Milk is acidic so concentrates basic
Diphenhydramine is a
Antihistamine
Irritant is labeled w/ caution (eye)
Corrosive is with danger _ both result in POS. Absorption
Do we want to inducer vomit w/ corrosive?
No it will burn coming up
Give demulcent to protect GI tract
4 causes of edema
Increased hydrostatic intravascular - hyperimeat congestion
Decreased intravascular osmotic pressure
Problem with lymphatic drainage
Increase vascular permeability
hemorrhage in a focal confined space (contained within a tissue)
Hematoma
Canine Ehrlichiosis and rickettsia rickettsii
Are both similar clinical presentation especially with petechia
Where is blood turbulence in a venous thrombi
Upstream- further from heart
Arterial or cardiac- is downstream - further from the heart
A thrombus forms in circulating blood but a blood clot forms in
Stagneant blood
A thrombus is also attached to the endothelial wall while a blood clot is not
Emboli can be produced by
Mostly thrombi
Also bacteria,parasite, fat emboli, neoplasm, gas, fibrin
Acute ,subacute, necrosis infarct
An infarct is when a thrombi or emboli caused clot migrates and lodges cutting off the flow of blood to the specific area or return of blood from area- ischemia lead to necrosis
Acute infarct - Red/ dark and raised
Subacute infarct - white and raised
Necrotic tissue- depressed and fibrous scar tissue
Virchows triad
Endothelial damage
Turbulent flow
Hypercoagulability- PLN - blood change
Lead to thrombus and platelet activity
TWO THINGS THAT CAUSE hypoperfusion in shock
Low circulating blood volume or not enough of a cardiac output pressure to push blood to tissue
What are the types of shock
Hypovolemic - blood volume loss
Cardiac- cardiac tamponade which is commonly atrial hemangeosarcoma - prob with pump
Anaphylactic - IgE
Neurological- parasympathetic takes over due to a lot of pain or spinal cord injury -vasodialation
Septic- LPS results different results at different doses- low local, mod local and cystemic [thrombosis], high septic shock vasodialation and organ disfunc