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DWT > DWT 3 > Flashcards

DWT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

CP Two sources of globulin

A

Lymphocyte and liver (albumin also comes from the liver)

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2
Q

CP Only request serum protein electrophoresis if…

A

High globulin

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3
Q

CP
Hyperglobulinemia causes
And which causes poly or monoclonal gammopathy
Hint: one is cancer

A

Inflammation- small shift- Polyclonal gammopathy
- a delayed phase response due to chronic stimulation

B cell lymphoma or plasma cell neoplasm - big shift at specific globulin [gamma globulin usually]- Monoclonal gammopathy

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4
Q

CP Why does albumin go down with inflammation -guess

A

Albumin gives intravascular oncotic pressure that retains the free fluid inside the blood vessel
But during inflammation you want the fluid to go out and the blood stasis that helps neutrophils go out to tissue
So if the albumin goes down with inflammation then less fluid oncotic pressure so the fluid goes into interstisium

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5
Q

CP alpha and beta globulin are different from gamma globulin

A

Alpha and beta are acute phase proteins

The production (by the liver) of these proteins either increases
with inflammation (positive APP)

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6
Q

CP Fluid reference

A

Fuild with ice pack
No formalin
No stained smears
Overnight shipping

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7
Q

CP Criteria of malignancy

A

3-4 of these to be neoplasm
Nuclei molding
Different size cells anisocytosis
Different size nuclei anisokaryosis
Mitotic figures
Coarse chromatin
Multiple nuclei
Weird nucleoli
Loss of cellular polarity

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8
Q

Cr vs CK
Creatine vs creatine kinase

A

Cr- is a measure of glomerular filtration of muscle
CK - sensitive to muscle injury - goes up with muscle injury

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9
Q

Which age of animals have a higher half life for drugs/toxin

A

Lower kidney function and slow metabolism → old animals

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10
Q

Trematone

A

shakeroot it causes milk sickness - pregnant/lactating mothers are not clinical but calves are

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11
Q

What can be excreted in milk?

A

Organophosphate; pesticides that are lipophilic
Tremetones
Lead (lango to blood, liver, brain, bone)

Milk is acidic so concentrates basic

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12
Q

Diphenhydramine is a

A

Antihistamine

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13
Q

Irritant is labeled w/ caution (eye)

A

Corrosive is with danger _ both result in POS. Absorption

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14
Q

Do we want to inducer vomit w/ corrosive?

A

No it will burn coming up
Give demulcent to protect GI tract

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15
Q

4 causes of edema

A

Increased hydrostatic intravascular - hyperimeat congestion
Decreased intravascular osmotic pressure
Problem with lymphatic drainage
Increase vascular permeability

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16
Q

hemorrhage in a focal confined space (contained within a tissue)

A

Hematoma

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17
Q

Canine Ehrlichiosis and rickettsia rickettsii

A

Are both similar clinical presentation especially with petechia

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18
Q

Where is blood turbulence in a venous thrombi

A

Upstream- further from heart

Arterial or cardiac- is downstream - further from the heart

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19
Q

A thrombus forms in circulating blood but a blood clot forms in

A

Stagneant blood
A thrombus is also attached to the endothelial wall while a blood clot is not

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20
Q

Emboli can be produced by

A

Mostly thrombi
Also bacteria,parasite, fat emboli, neoplasm, gas, fibrin

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21
Q

Acute ,subacute, necrosis infarct

A

An infarct is when a thrombi or emboli caused clot migrates and lodges cutting off the flow of blood to the specific area or return of blood from area- ischemia lead to necrosis

Acute infarct - Red/ dark and raised
Subacute infarct - white and raised
Necrotic tissue- depressed and fibrous scar tissue

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22
Q

Virchows triad

A

Endothelial damage
Turbulent flow
Hypercoagulability- PLN - blood change

Lead to thrombus and platelet activity

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23
Q

TWO THINGS THAT CAUSE hypoperfusion in shock

A

Low circulating blood volume or not enough of a cardiac output pressure to push blood to tissue

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24
Q

What are the types of shock

A

Hypovolemic - blood volume loss
Cardiac- cardiac tamponade which is commonly atrial hemangeosarcoma - prob with pump
Anaphylactic - IgE
Neurological- parasympathetic takes over due to a lot of pain or spinal cord injury -vasodialation
Septic- LPS results different results at different doses- low local, mod local and cystemic [thrombosis], high septic shock vasodialation and organ disfunc

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25
Q

Stages of shock

A

Non-progressive - when there is renal water reabsorbtion/ sympathetic tone again to inc cardiac output/ vasoconstriction
Progressive- reversible with acidosis
Irreversible - cell death and renal fail /no cardiac output

26
Q

What is granulation tissue

A

It is the scar tissue made with angiogenesis and fibrosis [tissue replacement by collagen which is made by fibroblasts]

27
Q

New capillary beds can form through

A

Sprouting off existing blood vessels
Or
Creating a new vessel by stimulating endothelial precursor cells
Are pink and shiny and leaky and edema vibes because they are new blood vessels

28
Q

Sim and diff between first intention and second intention would

A

1 clean small
2 large bigger and myofibroblast and wound contraction - this makes a bigger divot
Both
Fibroblast and new blood vessels and immune response
Collagen molding so its all parallel
Fibroblast perpendicular to blood vessel

29
Q

Which vitamin helps with would healing and fibrosis for granulation tissue

A

Vitamin c that is for the collagen

30
Q

Main thing that impacts would healing

A

Infection in the wound

31
Q

What helps precursor endothelial cells in bone marrow get to new blood vessel

A

VEGF
-survive proliferate and migrate

32
Q

Amyloid is a protein that is deposited in extracellular space

A

A s beta pleated Sheet - insoluble protein deposit

33
Q

Two most common forms of amyloids and when they are deposited ?

A

AL - primary amyloidosis
immunoglobulin based so increase with the plasma cell neoplasm

AA - Secondary amyloidosis
amyloid is acute phase protein so increases with inflammation so with chronic inflammation

34
Q

Chemical antagonism

A

Chelation therapy with lead - where the toxin is when two drugs work together to create a less toxic product

35
Q

Dispositional antagonism

A

With activated charcoal that stops absorption in GI tract
Apomorphine [crtz]
When two drugs work to reduce time or concentration in the organ

36
Q

emesis for cats

A

Dexmedetomidine and xylazine

37
Q

Which Cathartics are used in large animal

A

Magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate

38
Q

What helps ssri ADHD

A

.acepromazine _block the seratonint dopamine receptor

39
Q

Ø Cyproheptadine is a drug for

A

Serotonin syndrome that blocks serotonin binding

40
Q

Two garbage mycotoxin

A

Penitrem
Roquefortine
He penetrate and rogue Fortnite

41
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Is an apicomplex
That is in cats with infective stages as sporozoites, tachyzoites and bradyzoites
It has pathogenic stage tachyzoite
It’s zoonotic
Direct and indirect life cycle with rats [prefered to ingest brayzoites in mouse]

42
Q

Abortion in small ruminant vs abortion in cattle

A

Small ruminant - toxoplasma
Cattle -neospora - not zoonotic

43
Q

Sarcocytis neurona what’s different about this coccidia

A

Only indirect life cycle
They are with DH as possum and IH as raccoon/skunk/armadillo
Abornmal host that it stops at is the horse that has myeloencephalitis

44
Q

How does kidney help calcium

A

Metabolizes the vitamin d to active form

45
Q

What causes renal tubular problem because of grapes

A
46
Q

Cholecalciferol

A
47
Q

Isothenuria

A

When sg between 1.008 and 1.012 that show not enough concentration in urine
E renal tubular damage

In ethylene glycol toxicity

48
Q

Herbivores PH

A

Alkaline basic. High ph

49
Q

Anisokaryosis

A
50
Q

Protein:creatitine ratio for globular damage

A

Gd- >3 iOSs of albumin in urine
Tubular damage _ 0.5-3

51
Q

If plasma normal and urine red and urine cleared with centrifuge
If pLasma red and urine red
If plasma normal and urine red and not cleared with centrifuge

A

Hematuria
Hemoglobinuria
Myoglobinuria

52
Q

Moldy sweet clover

A
53
Q

What two things to test for copper toxicity

A

Molybendenum and copper

54
Q

Microcystins

A
55
Q

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids or phylloerythrin cause skin bun burn?

A

In secondary photosensitization the phylloerythrin from chlorophyll causes the skin burn due to the nephrotoxicity cost by the Alkaloid

56
Q

Deoxynivalenol is

A

Vomitoxin - inbarley corn and moldy + fugal food _ dogs and pigs most sensitive to deoxynivalenol

57
Q

With a true inflammation the infection site concentration of the antibiotic is —— the blood concentration

A

Equal to
Higher at bladder and withtopicals than the mic
Lower at eye, prostate, Intracellular

58
Q

No susceptibility test for otitis external and surface infect

A

True

59
Q

P anaplastic

A

Poorly differentiated
So they look nothing like what cells they are supposed to be.
Neoplasia

60
Q

Dysplasia
Metaplasia

A

Dysplasia- disorderly.but itbasement membranes and more mitotic figures
Metaplasia - replace cells-can reverse!

61
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Respiratorycenter medulla
Upper airway obstruction
Alveolar disease
Vascular disorder
Pleural cavity disease
Respiratory muscle paralysis

DWT (5 decks)

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