Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LDCE CORE > DWDM, CPAN & OTN > Flashcards

DWDM, CPAN & OTN Flashcards

1
Q

WDM system, using the two widely spaced wavelengths in the 1310 nm and 1550 nm (or 850 nm and 1310 nm) is called
1) narrowband WDM
2) wideband WDM
3) DWDM

A

wideband WDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WDM system, two to eight channels spaced at an interval of about 400 GHz in the 1550-nm window
1) narrowband WDM
2) wideband WDM
3) DWDM

A

narrowband WDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

16 to 160 channels and spacing from 25GHz to 200 GHz intervals
1) narrowband WDM
2) wideband WDM
3) DWDM

A

DWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WDM Optical amplifiers boost light waves without converting it into electrical form. (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DWDM infrastructure _______
the distances between network elements
1) increases
2) decreases
3) no change

A

increases the distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DWDM systems are _____ and can accept any combination of interface rates
1) bit-rate dependent and format independent
2) bit-rate and format independent
3) bit-rate and format dependent
4) bit-rate dependent and format independent

A

bit-rate and format independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two key elements of WDM optical amplifier

A

the optical fiber that is doped with
the element erbium and the amplifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Automatic adjustment of the optical amplifiers when channels are added or
removed achieves optimal system performance. This is because
1) if there is just one channel on the system with high power, degradation in
performance through self-phase modulation can occur.
2) too little power results in not enough gain from the amplifier.
3) both 1 and 2
4) none of the above

A

both 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the 1530- to 1565-nm range
1) silica-based optical amplifiers perform better
2) fluoride-based optical amplifiers perform better
3) both perform equally well

A

both perform equally well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which one is costly
1) silica-based optical amplifiers
2) fluoride-based optical amplifiers

A

fluoride-based optical amplifiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

to upgrade the WDM channel capacity or wavelengths
1) require more power
2) need additional signal-to-noise margin
3) either 1 or 2
4) none

A

either 1 or 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To double the WDM number of channels or the bit rate, __ dB of additional
signal-to-noise margin is needed
1) 1dB
2) 2dB
3) 3dB
4) 4dB

A

3 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The _____ grid is made up of
18 wavelengths defined within the range 1270 nm to 1610 nm spaced by 20 nm
1) BWDM (normal DWM)
2) CWDM
3) DWDM

A

CWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ typically uses 20-nm spacing (3000 GHz) of up to 18 channels
1) BWDM (normal DWM)
2) CWDM
3) DWDM

A

CWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________ common spacing may be 200, 100, 50, or 25 GHz with channel count reaching up to 128 or more
1) BWDM (normal DWM)
2) CWDM
3) DWDM

A

DWDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

second transmission window
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1300nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

third transmission window
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1530 to 1565

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fourth transmission window
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1565 to 1620

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conventional Band
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1530 to 1565

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Long Band
1) 850nm
2) 1300nm
3) 1530 to 1565
4) 1565 to 1620

A

1565 to 1620

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Technological reasons limit DWDM applications at the moment to the _______ window
1) first and second
2) second and third
2) third and fourth

A

third and fourth window (conventional band and long band)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most popular optical amplifier is ______

A

EDFA (Eribium Doped Fiber Amplifier)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

EDFA can increase capacity of DWDM (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The _____ carries information about the multi-wavelength optical signal as well as remote conditions at the optical terminal or EDFA site
1) OSC
2) First Wavelength
3) Last wavelength

A

OSC: optical supervisory channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3R indicates (in overhead-monitoring multi-bitrate 3R regenerators)

A

Re-time, Re-transmit, Re-shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

multiplexed transponder is muxponder. (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Enhanced WDM combines CDWDM and DWDM. (T/F)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Wavelength conversion is done in _______
1) transceiver
2) transponder

A

transponder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

______combine the benefits of SONET/SDH technology with the bandwidth expandability of DWDM
1) OTN
2) CPAN
3) MPLS

A

OTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The newly developed OTN is specified in ITU-T G.____ Network Node Interface for the Optical Transport Network (OTN)

A

G.709

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The ITU-T standards cover the
1) encapsulation format
2) multiplexing, switching
3) management, supervision, and survivability of optical
channels carrying client payloads
4) All of the above

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

OTN also provides the ability
1) to measure network performance across multiple service providers‘ domains
2) to provide seamless, end-to-end monitored services.
3) both above
4) none of the above

A

both above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

ITU Standard G.709 is commonly called 1) OTN
2) SDH
3) SONET
4) CPAN

A

OTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

_____ sometimes referred to as digital wrapper (DW)
1) DWDM
2) SDH
3) OTN
4) CPAN

A

??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

OTN supports
1) wideband services
2) narrowband services
3) both
4) none

A

both wideband and narrowband

36
Q

OTN wrapper provides complete transparency for client signals in ___
1) fixed containers
2) flexible containers

A

flexible containers

37
Q

in OTN, there is no contention between concurrent services or users. (T/F)

A

T

38
Q

OTN facilitates efficient use of DWDM
capacity by ensuring _______ are maintained across a network using OTN switches at fiber junctions.
1) frame rates
2) fill rates
3) bit rates

A

fill rates

39
Q

in OTN using ______ network upgrades can be tested or introduced in a protected network partition or sandbox, without the risk of impacting day-to-day network operations in production partitions
1) O-VLAN
2) O-VPN
3) O-LAN

A

O-VPN

40
Q

OTN sandbox environment is formed using
1) O-VLAN
2) O-VPN
3) O-LAN

A

O-VPN

41
Q

OTN networks ensure a high level of privacy and security through __________ of traffic onto dedicated circuits
1) soft partitioning
2) hard partitioning
3) mixing

A

hard partitioning

42
Q

OTN network management data is carried on a _________
1) same channel as user application data
2) separate channel completely isolated from user application data
3) either 1 or 2

A

separate channel completely isolated from user application data

43
Q

OTN has ______the number of bytes
reserved for Forward Error Correction (FEC)
1) kept same
2) decreased
3) increased

A

increased

44
Q

OTN has a theoretical improvement of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by ___due to FEC improvement
1) 3dB
2) 6.2dB
3) 5.5dB
4) 2dB

A

6.2dB

45
Q

In OTN, Improved SNR helps in
1) increasing span length
2) increasing the number of spans
3) increasing the number of channels
4) All of the above

A

All of the above

46
Q

transparent optical network elements which are fundamental for the evolution from point-to-point optical networks to meshed ones
1) OADM
2) OXC
3) both
4) none

A

both

47
Q

TCM stands for _______

A

Tandem Connection Monitoring

48
Q

______ enables the user and its
signal carriers to monitor the quality of the traffic that is transported between segments or connections in the network.
1) FEC
2) TMN
3) TCM

A

TCM (Tandem Connection Monitoring)

49
Q

OTN has fixed _______
1) frame rate
2) frame size

A

frame size. (SDH has fixed frame rate)

50
Q

OTN mapping of payloads
1) synchronous
2) asynchronous

A

asynchronous (SDH has synchronous)

51
Q

OTN performs _______ multiplexing
1) single-stage
2) multi-stage

A

single-stage

52
Q

increases frame size as client
size increases
1) SDH
2) OTN

A

SDH

53
Q

increases frame rate as client
rate increases
1) SDH
2) OTN

A

OTN

54
Q

OTN FEC sized for error correction to
correct ___ blocks per frame
1) 8
2) 16
3) 32
4) 64

A

16 blocks

55
Q

OTN carry services of
1) synchronous
2) asynchronous
3) both

A

both
OTN includes per-service timing adjustments to carry both

56
Q

OTN _____ multiplex synchronous and asynchronous services into a common wavelength
1) can
2) cannot

A

can

57
Q

In optical transport hierarchy (OTH), The electrical domain is structured in a hierarchical order just like ______
1) SDH multiplexing
2) DWDM multiplexing

A

SDH multiplexing

58
Q

In optical transport hierarchy (OTH), The optical domain is structured in a hierarchical order just like ______
1) SDH multiplexing
2) DWDM multiplexing

A

DWDM multiplexing

59
Q

OTH ITU recommendation G.872 on
1) architecture
2) frames and formats
3) functions and processes

A

architecture

60
Q

OTH ITU recommendation G.709 on
1) architecture
2) frames and formats
3) functions and processes

A

frames and formats

61
Q

OTH ITU recommendation G.798 on
1) architecture
2) frames and formats
3) functions and processes

A

functions and processes

62
Q

OTH ITU recommendation G.872 on architecture defines classes of interfaces:
1) OTN inter-domain interface (IrDI)
2) OTN intra-domain interface (IaDI)
3) both

A

both

63
Q

OTN interface IrDI stands for

A

OTN inter-domain interface

64
Q

OTN interface IaDI stands for

A

OTN intra-domain interface

65
Q

____ interface is defined with 3R
1) IrDI
2) IaDI

A

IrDI

66
Q

____ can potentially have proprietary
features added such as a more powerful FEC
1) IrDI
2) IaDI

A

IaDI
(IaDI is typically between equipment of the same vendor)

67
Q

This interface connects the networks
of two operators, or the subnetworks of one or multiple vendors in the
same operator domain
1) IrDI
2) IaDI

A

IrDI

68
Q

This interface connects networks
within one operator and vendor domain
1) IrDI
2) IaDI

A

IaDI

69
Q

FCAPS management functions stands for

A

fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management

70
Q

For MPLS-TP The operator has the choice to
1) enable the control plane
2) to operate the network in a traditional way without control plane by means of an NMS
3) any of the above

A

any of the above.
control plane does not make the NMS obsolete – the NMS needs to configure the control plane and also needs to interact with the control plane for connection management purposes.

71
Q

The features from MPLS that are not supported by MPLS-TP are:
1) MPLS Control Plane
2) Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)
3) LSP Merge
4) Equal Cost Multi Path

A

all of them

72
Q

MPLS-TP _______ (requires/does not require) LDP or any other control plane protocol to set up the circuits.

A

does not require

73
Q

PHP was disabled in MPLS-TP because
1) cause problem with QoS
2) cause problem with path

A

cause problem with QoS

74
Q

MPLS-TP mandates the support of
1) bidirectional LSPs
2) point-to-multipoint paths

A

both

75
Q

MPLS-TP nodes should be able to work with no control plane

A

T

76
Q

MPLS nodes usually use in-band management or
at least in-band exchange of control-plane messages. MPLS-TP network elements have to support _______
1) in-band management
2) out-of-band management

A

out-of-band management over a dedicated management network

77
Q

Data forwarding within an MPLS-TP network element _______ even if its management or
control plane fails
1) may fail
2) must continue

A

must continue

78
Q

MPLS-TP network elements must be able to run without IP in the forwarding plane

A

T

79
Q

MPLS-TP thus includes mandatory support
for numerous ring-specific mechanisms

A

T

80
Q

As compared to MPLS/GMPLS ___ are not required for MPLS-TP
1) LDP
2) BGP
3) PHP
4) LSP

A

1,2,3

81
Q

How many columns in OTN frame structure
1) 4080
2) 270
3) 1040
4) 3080

A

4080

82
Q

What is the Payload Capacity of OUT-4
1) 2.5 Gbps
2) 10 Gbps
3) 40Gbps
4) 100Gbps

A

100Gbps
OTU-0: 1.25Gbps
OTU-1: 2.5Gbps
OTU-2: 4Gbps
OTU-3: 10Gbps

83
Q

Solomon code refers to
1) generating path overhead]
2) implementation of FEC code

A

implementation of FEC code

84
Q

OTN ODU similar to SDH
1) RSOH
2) POH
3) MSOH

A

MSOH
OPU similar Ho POH
OPU Payload similar to C-4 Payload

85
Q

Overheads in the optical domain is transported via
1) in band channel
2) out-of-band channel

A

out-of-band channel OSC
optical supervisory channel

LDCE CORE (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions