Duress by circumstance Flashcards

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1
Q

Next, we may be able to consider the defence of duress?

A

this is a complete defence for most crimes except murder (R V Howe) or attempted murder (R V Gotts). It is also important to consider the burden of proof in cases of duress rests on the prosecution.

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2
Q

What is meant by duress by circumstances?

A

-where the defendant has found themself in a particular set of circumstances rather than being forced into doing something.

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3
Q

What needs to be applied first for both duress by circumstances?

A

R V Martin

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4
Q

What is the two part test of R V Martin?

A
  1. Did the defendant reasonably believe death or serious injury would result?
  2. Would a sober person of reasonable firmness done the same as the D did?
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5
Q

R V Conway?

A

-duress by circumstance is available if from an objective standpoint, the D was acting to avoid death or serious injury.

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6
Q

R V Pommel?

A

-threat must be immediate otherwise it will fail.

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