DUNNO Flashcards
_________ is used to store information which is only required fleetingly. STM can be accessed rapidly, however, also decays immediately.
Short-Term Memory or STM
It has an unlimited capacity, a slow access time and forgetting occurs more slowly or not at all.
- Long-term memory
Two types of LTM:
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
________ represents our memory of event and experiences in a serial form.
Episodic memory
It is structured record of facts, concepts, and skills that we have acquired, derived from the episodic memory.
Semantic memory
__________ is the process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusions.
Reasoning
Three types of reasoning:
Deduction
Induction
Abduction
_________ reasoning derives the logically necessary conclusion from the given premises. General rule –> Specific Conclusion (always true)
Deductive
__________ reasoning is generalizing from cases we have seen to infer information about cases we have not seen. Specific observation -> General conclusion (may be true)
Inductive
________ reasons from a fact to the action or state that caused it. Incomplete observation - > Best prediction (may be true)
Abduction
It is the process of finding the solution to an unfamiliar taste, using the knowledge that we have.
Problem Solving
5 different views of problem solving:
Gestalt Theory
Problem Space Theory
Use of Analogy
Skills Acquisition
Errors and Mental Models
The __________ states that problem solving is both productive and reproductive; insight is needed to solve problem
Gestalt theory
The __________ comprises problem states and problem solving involves generating these states using legal state transition operators
Problem space
Problems are solved by mapping knowledge relating to a similar known domain to the new problem.
Use of analogy
According to the ATC Model, skills are acquired through various levels.
Skills Acquisition
There are different types of errors: changes in context of skilled behaviour can cause errors. An incorrect understanding/ model of a situation can cause errors too.
- Errors and mental models
Our body responds biologically to an external stimulus and we interpret that in some ways as particular emotion.
Emotion
The principles and properties discussed apply to the majority of people, but humans are not all the same.
Individual differences
_________ (with or without computer) is a process of information transfer.
Interaction
Only a few keys are used. Letters are produces by pressing multiple keys at once
Chord keyboards
The numeric keys on a cell phone can be pressed more than once to enter letters. Most phones have 2 keypad modes:
a numeric and an alphanumeric mode.
Phone pad and T9 entry
It deals mostly worth stroke information: the way in which the letter is drawn, not the letter itself. It has the advantages of size and accuracy over small keyboards and are therefore often used in mobile computing.
Handwriting recognition
The performance of __________ is relatively low even, for a restricted vocabulary. Adjusting the system for use with natural language gives birth to even more problems: the ‘error’ in natural language use, different voices, emotions and accents, etc.
Speech recognition
It is an indirect device, because a transformation is required to map from the horizontal nature of the desktop to the vertical alignment of the screen.
Mouse
________ are touch-sensitive tablets, operated by sliding the finger over it and are mostly used in notebook computers
Touchpads
It is an upside-down mouse: instead of moving the devices itself, the ball is rolled to move the cursor.
Trackball
It offers less usability because they can only manipulate the horizontal and vertical movement of the cursor.
Thumb-wheels
Two types of joystick:
Absolute sticks
Isometric sticks
_______ are tiny joysticks that sometimes used on notebook computers.
Keyboard nipples
It detects the position of the user’s finger or stylus on the screen itself and are therefore very direct.
Touchscreen
For more accurate positioning, systems with touch sensitive surfaces often imply a _______.
Stylus/Lightpen
It is a device used for freehand drawing
Digitizing tablet
________ allows you to control the computer by looking at it, while wearing special glasses, heat mounted boxes, etc.
Eyegaze
For 2D-navigation, _________ can sometimes preferable. The same goes for remote-controls and cellphones.
Cursor keys
A ______ means that display is made of fixed number of dots or pixels in rectangular grid.
Bitmap-base
What display device:
In LCD’s a thin layer of liquid crystals is sandwiched between two glass plates. External lights pass through the top plate and are polarized. This passes through the crystal and is reflected back to the user’s eye.
Technologies
What display device:
Thin flexible paper material that can be written to electronically, but keep its contents when removed from the power supply.
Large displays and situated displays
Thin flexible paper material that can be written to electronically, but keep its contents when removed from the power supply.
Digital papers