Duffy Lecture 5

Question 1

Distribution of blood flow in the circulatory system

Answer 1

Question 2

Great vessels associated with the heart

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the branches of the ascending aorta

Answer 3

Coronary arteries

Brachiocephalic trunk - right subclavian and right common carotid

Question 4

Structure of arterial wall

Answer 4

Question 5

Branches of descending aorta

Answer 5

Question 6

What’s emerging at T8

Answer 6

IVC

Right phrenic nerve

Question 7

What’s emerging at T10

Answer 7

Oseophagus

Vagi

Question 8

What’s emerging at T12

Answer 8

Aorta

Thoracic duct

Azygos vein (venous drainage of chest wall)

Question 9

Where does the abdominal aorta enter abdomen

Where does it end

Answer 9

Behind median arcuate ligament

Ends at L4 (bifurcation)

Question 10

4 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 10

1. T12 coeliac trunk
2. L1 superior mesenteric
3. L3 inferior mesenteric
4. L4 median sacral

Question 11

4 paired branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 11

1. T12 inferior phrenic
2. L1 middle adrenal
3. L2 renal
4. L2 gonadal

Question 12

Femoral triangle

Answer 12

Femoral artery becomes superficial and deep femoral

Question 13

Angiogram of femoral artery

Answer 13

Question 14

Blood supply of the head and neck

Answer 14

Carotid divides at the Adam’s apple (C4)

Internal and external carotid

Internal goes into cranial cavity - supplies brain and some of cerebellum

External is outside - supplies muscles of face, head and neck

Question 15

Branches of the external carotid

Answer 15

Some Look Forward Others Are Posterior

• Superior thyroid
• lingual
• Facial
• Occipital
• Ascending pharyngeal
• Posterior auricular
• Maxillary - terminal
• Superficial temporal - terminal

Question 16

Carotid branches 1

Answer 16

Question 17

Carotid branches 2

Answer 17

Question 18

Carotid branches 3

Answer 18

Question 19

What does the internal carotid a. give rise to

Answer 19

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 20

What does the subclavian a. give rise to in the brain

Answer 20

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 21

What is a stroke

Answer 21

Rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain

Can be due to ischaemia caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism) or a haemorrhage

Question 22

Anterior cerebral stroke

Answer 22

Contralateral hemiplegia and anaesthesia

Question 23

Middle cerebral stroke

Answer 23

Contralateral hemiplegia and anaesthesia and/or aphasia

Question 24

Posterior cerebral stroke

Answer 24

Contralateral hemianopia

Question 25

Vertebrobasilar stroke

Answer 25

Focal brainstem syndrome

Question 26

What is associated with higher risk of stroke

Answer 26

Atrial fibrillation

• We want all walls contraction towards AV valve
• AF - walls contract differently and clot forms
• To stop it we need blood flow
• Clot in atrial appendage moves from atria to ventricle and then to carotid - causing stroke because the least path of resistance is the common carotid

Question 27

What does the jugular vein drain

What does the SVC drain

Answer 27

Head and neck

Upper limbs and head and neck

Question 28

Major veins of the head, neck and brain

Answer 28