Duffy Lecture 2 Flashcards
@ what level is the division between the superior and inferior mediastinum
T4, sternal angle
Contents of anterior mediastinum
Thymus - found in children extends from cricoid
Contents of posterior mediastinum
- Great arteries and veins
- Oesophagus
- Trachea
- Thoracic duct
- Sympathetic chain
What is the pericardium composed of
- Outer fibrous layer - x2 layer of serous membrane
Attachments of fibrous layer of pericardium
- Great vessels - Central tendon of diaphragm - Sternum (sternopericardial ligament) - Parietal layer of serous pericardium
What is the serous layer composed of
PARIETAL - lines fibrous
VISCERAL - lines heart
Fluid between 2 layers = pericardial cavity, containing pericardial fluid, which facilitates gliding movements/ beating of heart
What surrounds the oblique sinus
Veins
What surrounds the transverse sinus
- Posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk
- Anterior to superior VC
Where does the pericardial blood supply come from
BRANCHES FROM:
Internal thoracic
Pericardiacophrenic
Musculophrenic
Inferior phrenic
Thoracic aorta
Venous drainage of pericardium
Drain into azygos system of veins internal thoracic veins superior phrenic veins
nerves to pericardium
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Phrenic nerve
Pain from parietal pericardium is carried in somatic afferent fibres in phrenic nerves => pericardial pain may be referred to supraclavicular region/lateral neck
Location of heart in thoracic cavity
Subdivisions of mediastinum
Contents of middle mediastinum
Pericardium
Heart
Roots of great vessels
(sternal angle opposite T4 forms the superior border)
VAT
Pericardial sinuses
Heart layers
Surfaces and borders of the heart
Diagrams of the heart
Veins associated with heart
Arteries associated with the heart
Surface anatomy
Apex beat
Lowest and most lateral point on the chest wall where you can feel the heart beating
Normally 5th IC space, MCL
Dextrocardia - uncommon embryological abnormality where organs are in reverse
