DTM & EDM Flashcards
Demographic transition and Epidemiological model
What is stage 1 of the demographic transition model?
High birth rates due to lack of family planning.
High infant mortality encourages more births.
High death rates due to disease and lack of hygiene e.g. remote tribes
How many countries are at stage 1 of the DTM?
none
What is stage 2 of the demographic transition model?
These are the poorest countries in the world.
High BR, DR starts to fall as healthcare and hygiene are introduced.
Population increases
e.g. Angola
What is stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
Lower BR due to socio-economic conditions.
DR continues to fall
e.g. India
What is stage 4 of the demographic transition model?
Low BR and DR
Population levels still high
e.g. UK
What is at stage 5 of the demographic transition model?
BR fall even lower
DR stable or increase due to ageing population
e.g. Japan
What are the advantages of the demographic transition model?
Useful insight into how population has changed over time.
No set timescales, so no expectations.
Easy to understand
Simple to draw conclusions
What are the disadvantages of the demographic transition model?
Some places take political action to manage population (one-child in China).
Disease prevention knowledge improved.
Model assumes there is only progression, countries may regress (e.g. Syria).
Doesn’t consider physical environment and impacts of climate change
What stage of the DTM is Egypt at?
Stage 3
What is the epidemiological model?
It shows links between disease and wealth in different countries; starting from ‘famine’ and reaching ‘fighting degenerative disease’
What characterises stage 1 of the epidemiological model?
Average life expectancy <30yrs.
Epidemics, famines, wars = many deaths especially in kids.
Smallpox was at this stage
What is the name of stage 1 of the epidemiological model?
The age of famine and pestilence
What characterises stage 2 of the epidemiological model?
Increased sanitation, better food and medication.
First seen during the industrial revolution.
Not always a change in DR during the industrial revolution because of urbanisation and cholera
What is the name of stage 2 of the epidemiological model?
Age of receding pandemics and less death
What characterises stage 3 of the epidemiological model?
Started in the late 20th century.
People live longer and less die from natural causes (disease) and instead things like cancers, CHD, ,strokes, smoking, etc.
