DSM-5 Mental Disorders (158) Flashcards
Acute Stress Disorder
Duration: 3 days to 1 month
Onset: Within 1 month following a traumatic event that involved actual or threat of death, serious injury, or sexual violation
Symptoms: 9 or more symptoms from these 5 categories:
- Intrusion
- Negative mood
- Dissociation
- Avoidance
- Arousal
Adjustment Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Within 3 months of a stressor
Symptoms: Clinically significant stress reaction, emotional or behavioral symptoms present during the first three months following the stressor. Symptoms do not extend beyond six months of the ending of that stressor or the stressor’s fallout. Symptoms may cluster with anxiety, depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, disturbance of emotions and conduct, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, or be unspecified, noted accordingly (e.g. Adjustment Disorder with mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood).
Agoraphobia
Duration: 6 months or more
Onset: -
Symptoms: Anxiety about being in situations from which escape is difficult or help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack. Situations are avoided or else endured with distress/anxiety.
*Note that this diagnosis is given without respect to the presence of Panic Disorder. If an individual meets criteria for both disorders, both are diagnosed.
Alcohol Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Recent ingestion of alcohol
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to use of alcohol. Following alcohol use, at least one of the following symptoms develop:
- Slurred speech
- Unsteady gait
- Incoordination
- Nystagmus
- Impairment in attention or memory
- Stupor or coma
Alcohol Withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: Several hours or up to a few days after reduction or stopping ingestion of alcohol after heavy and/or prolonged intake
Symptoms: Following the reduction in alcohol use or stopping alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged, at least two of the following:
- Autonomic Hyperactivity
- Increased hand tremor
- Insomnia
- Vomiting
- Transient hallucinations
- Psychomotor agitation
- Anxiety
- Grand tonic-clonic seizures
Anorexia Nervosa
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Refusal to maintain body weight that is normal for age and height. Intense fear of weight gain. Disturbance in perception of own body weight/shape and denial of seriousness of low body weight. Specify type: - Restricting type (no binge eating or purging)
- Binge-eating/purging type (involves episodes of binge eating and compensatory behavior)
Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Duration: -
Onset: After cessation of antidepressant medication that has been taken for a minimum of one month
Symptoms: Set of symptoms that present upon sudden discontinuation or sudden dramatic reduction of an antidepressant medication that has been taken on an ongoing basis for at least a month. Symptoms include:
- Feeling as if one’s brain is being zapped or shocked
- Dizziness
- Insomnia
- Nausea
- Nightmares
- Vertigo
- Confusion
- Tremor
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Cannot be diagnosed until at least age 18
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating lack of regard for and violations of the rights of others beginning early in adulthood. At least three of these are present:
- Repeated violations of the law, involving significant violations of social norms
- Lying or deceiving for the purpose of exploiting others
- Excessive risk-taking or not considering outcomes, taking precautions, or making necessary preparations
- Anger and aggression demonstrated by violence or physical acting out
- Irresponsibility and carelessness for the safety of human life
- Poor work performance, lack of consistency, or not meeting financial commitments
- Lacking empathy or remorse for others harmed by the individual-s behavior, or justifying the impact of their behavior on another despite having committed a clear violation
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: Before age 12
Symptoms: Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks, does not seem to listen when spoken to directly, appears distracted, is forgetful, is fidgety, engages in impulsive behaviors
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Early development, though full manifestation may be masked until social or other demands are taxed and capacities exceeded
Symptoms include:
- Deficits present in social communications and interactions, present in multiple contexts (i.e. failure in responding or initiating social encounters; deficits in nonverbal communications, such as gestures or eye contact; lack of interest in peer-to-peer relationships; struggle with engaging with imaginative play outside the self)
- Stereotyped patterns of behavior
- Inflexibility related to routines, intolerance for change
- Hyper- or hypo-responsiveness to sensory events or interests in the environment, such as sounds, smells, touch, visual (lighting, movements), temperature, pain (including indifference to pain)
*Note that this disorder is inclusive of diagnosis previously coded as Asperger’s in DSM-IV.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating a longstanding pattern of social inhibition, going to great lengths to avoid social interactions, feeling somehow deficient or lacking in what it takes to be accepted beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present:
- Holds jobs that minimize interpersonal engagement to avoid hurt and pain associated with being criticized, rejected, and
- Feeling the weight of disapproval by others
- Does not engage with others without certainty of acceptance
- Holds back in interpersonal relationships fearing humiliation and shame
- Is constantly concerned about being rejected or judged in social settings
- When entering a new relationship, holds back out of fears of failure or not being good enough
- Believes he or she is not as good as others, will fail in a social context, or that others view them as generally undesirable
- Does not risk in new settings or try new things believing they will embarrass themselves
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: No interest in food or concern about how food will impact the body, and failure to achieve sufficient energy or nutritional needs, in addition to at least one of the following:
- Deficiencies in nutrition
- Failure to gain weight or significant weight loss
- Requires nutritional supplements or enteral feeding
Psychosocial functioning is impacted. Symptoms are not caused by a lack of available resources, a culturally relevant practice, or medical condition.
Binge-Eating Disorder
Duration: Binge eating present a minimum of at least once weekly for three months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Recurrent episodes of eating excessive amounts of food, beyond what another person would during a similar period, feeling unable to stop or curb the amount eaten, eating rapidly, eating to the point of discomfort, eating when not hungry, eating in isolation out of shame regarding eating behavior. Feeling guilt, disgust, or depressed with one’s self after the binge eating episode.
Bipolar I Disorder
Duration: 1 week (same as a manic episode)
Onset: -
Symptoms: Presence of at least one manic episode. A major depressive or hypomanic episode may precede or follow a manic episode, but neither is required.
Bipolar II Disorder
Duration: Sufficient time to document a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode
Onset: -
Symptoms: Presence of hypomanic episode and presence of major depressive episode. A manic episode has NEVER occurred.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. If there is an anomaly, concern is excessive.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating unstable self-image, mood, interpersonal relationships and impulsive behavior beginning early in adulthood as evidenced by at least five of these:
- Avoidance of abandonment at all costs, whether that abandonment is real or in the individual’s perceptions only
- Long-standing pattern of insecure, intense relationships that vacillate from an idealized perfection to abject disaster and back again
- Unstable or uncertain self-image
- Self-damaging impulsivity in more than one area, such as sexual acting out, drug use, or spending sprees (not to include suicidality or self-mutilation)
- Active or passive suicidality, suicidal gestures, cutting or other self-harm behaviors
- Unstable and reactive mood
- Chronic sense of boredom or feeling empty
- Impulsive, intense anger; anger that is ongoing; or anger that is difficulty to control
- Dissociation, depersonalization, or paranoia
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Duration: At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with return to premorbid functioning
Onset: -
Symptoms: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior
Bulimia Nervosa
Duration: Binging with recurrent inappropriate compensatory actions co-occur at least weekly for three months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Recurrent binge eating with sense of lack of control. Recurrent compensatory behavior (i.e. vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, fasting, excessive exercise). Disturbance in perception of body shape and weight.
Caffeine Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Recent ingestion of caffeine, usually over 250 mg (2-3 cups of brewed coffee)
Symptoms: At least five of the following following consumption of caffeine:
- Restlessness
- Nervousness
- Excitement
- Insomnia
- Flushed face
- Gastrointestinal disturbance
- Twitching
- Rambling
- Inexhaustibility
- Psychomotor agitation
Caffeine Withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Within 24 hours of abruptly stopping or reducing caffeine after prolonged use accompanied by at least three of the following:
- Headache
- Significant drowsiness or fatigue
- Irritable, dysphoric, or depressed mood
- Concentration difficulties
- Flu-like symptoms
Cannabis Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Within two hours of cannabis use
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to use of cannabis. Within two hours of use, at least two of the following:
- Conjunctival injection
- Increased appetite
- Dry mouth
- Tachycardia
Cannabis Withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: After stopping cannabis using most days or daily over a few months or more
Symptoms: Within one week of cessation, three or more of the following appear:
- Aggression, anger or irritability
- Anxiousness or nervousness
- Disturbed Sleep (e.g. nightmares, insomnia)
- Weight loss, loss of/decreased appetite
- Restlessness
- Depressed mood
- Flu-like symptom (abdominal pain, tremors, fever, chills, headache, sweating)
Central Sleep Apnea
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Polysomnography demonstrates a minimum of 5 central apneas per hour during sleep.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Term
Duration: -
Onset: Early developmental period
Duration: -
Onset: Early developmental period
Symptoms: Anxiety restricting ability to verbalize effectively and efficiently, pauses in speech, inability to verbalize words, repeated parts of words or monosyllabic words within a phrase or sentence (i.e. “He-he-he-he is late”, “au-au-au-augment”), or excessive force in producing a word
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder
Symptoms: Mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule causing excessive sleepiness or insomnia
Conduct Disorder
Duration: 12 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Aggression to people and animals (bullies, threatens, or intimidates; uses weapons), destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, lies for profit, serious violations of rules, breaks curfew repeatedly, runs away overnight
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Duration: -
Onset: Follows conflict or stressor
Symptoms: Unexplained deficits in voluntary motor or sensory function (blindness, inability to move appendage, etc.). Conflicts or stressors precede the deficits, and the symptoms are not explained medically and are not fictitious.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Duration: At least 2 years; in children, only 1 year is required
Onset: -
Symptoms: Presence of numerous hypomanic symptoms without meeting criteria for a hypomanic episode. Presence of numerous depressive symptoms without meeting criteria for major depressive episode. Symptoms have not been absent for more than a 2-month span within the 2-year (1 year in children) span.
Delayed Ejaculation
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Significant delay or inability to have an orgasm and release ejaculate from penis the majority of the time when not desired to delay orgasm.
If the clinical focus is situational (e.g. when partnered, with specific stimulation), then the criteria must be majority of the time under this circumstance.
If the clinical focus is general, then the criteria are the majority of time sexual activity is engaged, regardless of circumstance (e.g. partnered or not, regardless of mechanism of stimulation, context).
Delirium
Symptoms: Reduced awareness of environment as well as disorientation and language disturbance. Happens over a short period of time and fluctuates during the day.
Delusional Disorder
Duration: 1 month
Onset: -
Symptoms: Criteria for Schizophrenia are not met. If Hallucinations are present, they are related to the delusion. Functioning is not markedly impaired. Any mood episodes are brief in comparison to delusional symptoms.
Types: Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealous, Persecutory, Somatic, Mixed, or Unspecified
Dependent Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating an extreme need to have their psychological needs met by another, fearing separation, and doing what is required to remain attached to another beginning early in adulthood. At least five of these are present:
- Struggles to make daily decisions without input and encouragement
- Requires others to take responsibility on issues impacting any significant life area
- Divergence of opinion with another is not tolerable due to disapproval fears
- Poor self-confidence causes sufficient self-doubt to hinder starting new projects or trying new things on his or her own
- Seeks nurturance by any means necessary, even to the point of doing things one would not otherwise ever do to gain support or nurturing
- Suffers intense fears of being defenseless when alone
- Engages in serial relationships to avoid being alone and continue to get the needed relationship support and associated care
- Fears being left to fend alone
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Symptoms: Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one is an observer of one’s mental processes or body (like in a dream). Reality testing is intact.
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Early developmental period
Symptoms: Difficulty engaging coordinated motor activity appropriate to the stated age and cultural exposure, inability to use culturally appropriate eating utensils (e.g. fork, chopsticks, finger set), handwriting difficulties, unsteady gate, bumping into others, tripping over own feet, and struggling to hold objects
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Experience of neglect prior to age 2, developmental age of 9 months or more
Symptoms: Child behaves in an overly familiar way with unfamiliar adults
History is inclusive of a poverty of care in a minimum of one or more ways.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Duration: 12 months
Onset: Prior to age 10
Symptoms: Chronically irritable, acting out in ways that are extremely out of line with the circumstance, over-reacting or inability to move on from the situation long after it would be appropriate to do so. Symptoms are present in more than one setting. *Note that first diagnosis cannot be made prior to age 6 or after age 18.
Dissociative Amnesia
Symptoms: Inability to recall important personal information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Symptoms: Presence of 2 or more distinct identities/personality states who recurrently take control of the person’s behavior. Person has an inability to recall important personal information.
Encopresis
Duration: Episodes at least once per month for 3 months
Onset: Older than developmental age of 4
Symptoms: Passing of feces in inappropriate places and avoidance of regular toileting
Enuresis
Duration: At least twice weekly for a period of 3 months
Onset: Older than developmental age of 5
Symptoms: Voiding of urine into bed or clothes
Erectile Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent or recurrent difficulty to get or keep an erection until sexual activity is completed, or the individual has an inadequate erection
Difficulty is present the majority or all of the time in all sexual activity if the context is general, or in an identified context if the context is situational. Symptoms are not better accounted for by relationship struggles, life stressors, substances, medical or mental health issues.
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
Symptoms: Repeatedly picking at the skin to the point of developing lesions with an inability to stop, causing distress and functional impairment. Picking behavior commonly pick involves the face, hands, and arms, and sometimes targets healthy skin, while others target irregularities, such as calluses, previous picking sites, blackheads, or pimples.
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Symptoms: Pattern of intense sexual excitement accompanying fantasies, desires, or behaviors associated with exposing one’s genitals to a non-consenting, unsuspecting person. History of at least one behavioral episode of acting out.
Factitious Disorder
Symptoms: Intentional production or feigning of physical or psychological signs or symptoms. One’s motivation is to assume the sick role. External incentives are absent (economic gain, avoiding legal responsibility, etc.).
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Symptoms: Absent, delayed, or minimal orgasms, or limited intensity in orgasms when engaged in all sexual activity
May be in a specific context, such as when partnered, or in general. Symptoms must occur most or all of the encounters (specific context or general). Symptoms are not attributed to partner distress, life stressors, substances, medical or mental health issues.
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Limited or lacking sexual interest or sexual arousal, lack of or minimal sexual fantasies, no initiation or are unreceptive to attempts by partner to initiate sexual behavior
If specific to context (such as partnered), then most or all encounters are impacted.
If general, then majority or all sexual activity is impacted.
May be lifelong or acquired, generalized or situational.
Fetishistic Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Intense sexual preoccupation, desires, fantasies, or behaviors with a specific nonsexual body part, nonliving material, or object. Fetish of attention is not limited to items designed for sexual pleasure or enhancement (e.g. dildo, vibrator), and does not solely involve cross-dressing.
Frotteuristic Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent, intense sexually arousing desires, fantasies or behaviors associated with rubbing against, fondling or touching a non-consenting individual. Has acted out those desires or fantasies on a non-consenting individual.
Gambling Disorder
Duration: Four or more symptoms present in a 12-month period
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent, recurrent, maladaptive gambling behavior indicated by 4 or more of the following:
- Preoccupation with gambling
- Need to increase amount of gambling for same effect
- Unsuccessful efforts to control gambling behavior
- Restlessness/irritability
- When attempting to control, unsuccessful efforts to curtail or stop gambling, gambles in order to escape problem/mood, chases one’s loss, lies to others to conceal the extent, jeopardized relationship/job/education/career, relies on others to provide money.
Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Belief one has been born in the wrong gender’s body. Individual has at least two of these issues:
- Belief one is or should be a different gender
- Wants to be divested of one’s sexual organs and associated physical anatomy due to gender dissonance
- Longs for the sexual organs and associated anatomy of desired gender
- Longs to experience life as the desired gender
- Longs to become and be treated as gender other than one assigned
- Sense that one experiences life as desired gender state in terms of thoughts, feelings, actions, and interactions
Gender Dysphoria in Children
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: At least six of the following:
- Desire to be the other gender or that one is the other gender or an alternative gender
- In boys, a strong preference for cross-dressing or simulating female attire; in girls, a strong preference for wearing masculine clothing and resistance to typically feminine clothing
- Strong preference for cross-gender roles in make-believe or fantasy play
- Strong preference for toys, games, or activities stereotypically used for engaged in by other gender
- Strong preference for playmates of other gender
- Boys rejection of typically masculine items and rough/tumble play; girls rejection of typically feminine items and activities
- Strong dislike of one’s sexual anatomy
- Strong desire for primary and/or secondary sex characteristics that match experienced gender
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Duration: At least 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Excessive anxiety and worry and 3 or more of the following symptoms (only one additional in children):
- Restlessness
- Easily fatigued
- Difficulty concentrating
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Anxiety and pain associated with anticipated and attempted vaginal penetration and vaginal intercourse. The pelvic floor becomes hyperactive due to the individual’s emotional state, and as a result, pain occurs.
Hallucinogen Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Recent use of hallucinogen (within an hour)
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to hallucinogen use. Changes in perception in a state of alertness. Recent use of a hallucinogen (not phencyclidine) with at least two of the following:
- Pupillary dilation
- Tachycardia
- Sweating
- Palpitations
- Blurring of vision
- Tremors
- Incoordination
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Continuing hallucinations after the cessation of hallucinogenic use. Impairment in important areas of functioning.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating highly emotional or excessive attention seeking beginning in early adulthood as evidenced by at least five of these:
- Need to be at the center of attention
- Engagement with others is often provocative, seductive, or sexual, even when to conducting one’s self in such a manner is not appropriate to the setting or the relationship, even exhibitionistic
- Emotional expression is often shallow, vacillating quickly
- Attention seeking is often through dress, style, grooming, or other aspects of appearance
- Speech may be impressionistic or vague
- The individual may be especially good at storytelling, often spinning stories to create a better tale than truth, exaggerating what has occurred for dramatic flare
- The individual is easily persuaded, susceptible to circumstances or desires of others
- Relationships are often felt to be very intimate, close, or cherished, when in fact the other party may not consider the relationship to be more than an acquaintanceship because of the limited nature of the relationship
Hoarding Disorder
Symptoms: Person excessively accumulates things another person may consider worthless and has difficulty discarding possessions, resulting in extreme clutter and great distress associated with pressure to discard anything. May lead to unsafe living conditions
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Duration: 3 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Excessive sleepiness, either prolonged sleep episodes or daily sleep episodes
Hypomanic Episode
Duration: At least 4 days
Onset: -
Symptoms: Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and three or more of the following:
- Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Talkative/pressured talking
- Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
- Distractibility
- Increased goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation
- Excessive involvement in pleasurable activity that have high potential for painful consequences
Basically, criteria for a Manic Episode are met, HOWEVER, while the criteria may be observable by others, it is not severe enough to cause marked impairment or necessitate hospitalization. If hospitalization is required, even at 3-4 days, it is a Manic Episode.
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Duration: At least 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Fear of having a serious disease(s). Preoccupation with fear exists despite medical evaluation and reassurance.
Inhalant Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Recent intentional exposure to volatile inhalants
Symptoms: Behavioral and/or psychological change due to inhalant use (e.g. assaultive, apathetic, impaired decision-making) with at least two of these symptoms following use:
- Dizziness
- Nystagmus
- Incoordination
- Slurred speech
- Unsteady gait
- Lethargy
- Depressed reflexes
- Psychomotor retardation
- Tremor
- Muscle weakness
- Blurred vision
- Stupor or coma
- Euphoria
Insomnia Disorder
Duration: at least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; or nonrestorative sleep
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
Duration: -
Onset: Early developmental period
Symptoms: Impaired cognitive functioning and difficulty performing everyday tasks
Assessment includes social, conceptual and practical elements, including clinical and standardized measures together across three domains (social, conceptual, practical) of functioning
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Duration: Either verbal/physical aggression that does not result in physical injury to living beings occurring an average of twice weekly for 3 months OR three behavioral events of property destruction or assault with injury to a living being (person or animal) within one year.
Onset: -
Symptoms: Outbursts are not premeditated and are not done to attain something (ex. toy, power, money, intimidation). Failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in serious assaultive acts or destructive property. Degree of aggression is grossly out of proportion to stressor. Chronological (or developmental equivalency) age is at least six.
Kleptomania
Symptoms: Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed, in anger, or due to hallucination. Tension before act; pleasure/relief during act.
Language Disorder
Onset: Early developmental period
Symptoms: Difficulty progressing in language development and acquisition such as verbal and written language, native, sign or other form of communication. Impairment may be primarily expression or reception, or both may be impaired. May have difficulty forming language, understanding the content of language, or dealing with the pragmatic function of language. Vocabulary may be limited, the ability to form sentences based on appropriate grammar structure, or how one interacts with language nuances (interactions with others, humor) may be impaired.
Major Depressive Disorder
Duration: 2 weeks or more
Onset: -
Symptoms: Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure and five or more of the following present during the same two-week period:
- Significant weight loss
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
- Diminished ability to think or concentrate
- Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Significant, expanding cognitive deficits over time in at least one cognitive domain, such as recent memory, new learning, comprehension or expressive language, visuospatial abilities, executive functioning, and social skills. Impairs daily living (e.g. cannot pay bills, operate a car or household appliances safely).
Determined by self-report, report by significant other, clinical report, outcome measures on standardized neuropsychological testing.
Major Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV Infection
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Meets criteria for either Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Duration: -
Onset: Gradual onset with continuing decline
Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. Memory decline, learning difficulty, and one other cognitive impairment in significant domain (e.g. language, executive functioning, complex attention, perceptual-motor, social cognitions). Steady decline without plateaus.
For “Major”, evidence of Alzheimer’s Disease genetic mutation from testing or family history.
For “Mild”, evidence of causative Alzheimer’s Disease genetic mutation from testing or family history.
No other etiology accounts for impairment.
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Cognitive impairment and cognitive disturbances (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbance in executive functioning). “Major” means there is significant impairment, and “Mild” means there are modest declines.
There is evidence that this is caused by a medical condition, not another neurocognitive condition (Alzheimer’s, substance use, Traumatic Brain Injury).
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Gradual progression, but in both mild and major forms, the disease is more aggressive than in the usual course of Alzheimer’s Disease.
There are two variants: behavioral and language.
- If the behavioral variant, there is a decline in executive functioning or ability to read and effectively engage social cues. Additionally, at least three of the following are present: behavioral disinhibition, apathy, inertia, lacking or diminished empathy or sympathy, perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behavior, altered diet, chewing or putting non-food items in the mouth.
- If the language variant, there are declines in the ability to produce speech, name people or objects, understands words, understand or use grammar, and related activitie
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Huntington’s Disease
Duration: -
Onset: Insidious onset and gradual progression; average age at onset is 40
Symptoms: Diagnosis of Huntington’s Disease and progressive degeneration of brain functioning, with reductions in movement and executive functioning
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Parkinson’s Disease
uration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease and criteria met for either Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Prion Disease
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Presence of spongiform encephalopathies, difficulty with gait, clumsiness, tremors, rigidity, cognitive decline, memory deficits, dysarthria (slurred speech), reduced language, vision problems, and seizures
Bio-testing can document whether or not the disease is present.
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury
Duration: -
Onset: Following brain injury
Symptoms: Criteria met for Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder as well as history of some brain injury, such as a blast that causes the brain to strike the skull, a sports injury, or an auto accident causing the brain to collide with the skull when the head hits the dashboard. At least one of these symptoms is present:
- Unconsciousness
- Retrograde or anterograde amnesia surrounding the event
- Confusion following the event
- Neurological impairment (e.g. seizures, altered vision, olfactory impairment, paralysis, altered consciousness, loss of sensation, muscle weakness)
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Insidious onset, gradual progression, with possible acute episodes in a prodromal history
Core diagnostic elements include: instability in cognition accompanied by alterations the ability to be alert and pay attention, detailed, persistent visual hallucinations, and elements of parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia, postural instability) suddenly appear after cognitive decline.
Suggestive diagnostic elements include: criteria met for REM sleep behavior disorder and acute neuroleptic sensitivity.
For Probable Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies, a minimum of two core or a minimum of one core and one suggestive elements are present.
For Possible Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies, a minimum of one core or a minimum of one suggestive element is present
Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. “Major” means there is significant impairment, and “Mild” means there are modest declines.
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Consistent disinterest in sexual activity, both at times when the individual would be expected to be aroused and when there is no external pressure for arousal
Manic Episode
Duration: At least 1 week
Onset: -
Symptoms: Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and three or more of the following:
- Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Talkative/pressured talking
- Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
- Distractibility
- Increased goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation
- Excessive involvement in pleasurable activity that have high potential for painful consequences
*Note that additionally, the mood is evident of a marked impairment of occupational or social functioning or necessitates hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others or due to the presence of psychotic features.
Medication-Induced Acute Akathisia
Duration: -
Onset: Consistent with onset of a medication, such as a neuroleptic, or after reduction of an agent given to target extrapyramidal symptoms
Symptoms: Feelings and observations of restlessness (e.g. fidgets, pacing, unable to be still)
Medication-Induced Acute Dystonia
Duration: -
Onset: After starting neuroleptic or related medication; or reduction in agent that targets extrapyramidal symptoms
Symptoms: Atypical, protracted contraction of muscles in the body (trunk, limbs, neck, head), or of the eyes
Medication-Induced Postural Tremor
Duration: -
Onset: After taking medication that may induce such symptoms; onset associated with a wide variety of medications, such as medications to treat asthma, cancer, seizures, cardiac issues, mood stabilizers, weight control, thyroid, mood and more
Symptoms: Involuntary shaking secondary to the use of medication and observed when attempting to hold certain positions, engages the arms or hands, or hold the head in certain positions
Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Some gaining cognitive deficits over time in at least one cognitive domain, such as recent memory, new learning, comprehension or expressive language, visuo-spatial abilities, executive functioning, and social skills
Determined by self-report, report by significant other, by clinical report, or by standardized neuropsychological testing
Impairments do not prohibit daily living (e.g. can pay bills, drive, take medications, operate household appliances)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating preoccupation with power and prestige, the need to both have and maintain both,beginning early in adulthood as evidenced by at least five of these:
- Belief that one is better than others, exaggerates accomplishments, and demands recognition
- Fantasies of limitless power, attraction, intelligence, and perfect love
- Belief that one is distinctive and one-of-a kind, unable to be understood by common people, requiring someone of equally high-minded status, or an institution of a commensurate level
- Demands constant admiration and praise
- Believes they are worthy of things or treatment that has not been earned, and that others should bend to their will
- Works to achieve own ends, regardless of the cost or impact on others
- Does not have empathy for others
- Envies or is jealous of what others have, or believes others are jealous of what he or she has
- Demonstrates tough-minded, egotistical, arrogant manner
Narcolepsy
Duration: 3 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Daily irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep as evidenced by one of the following:
- Cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone)
- Hypocretin deficiency measured via cerebrospinal fluid at 33% or less than those levels found in a healthy individual
- Demonstrated REM sleep latency of 15 minutes or less on nocturnal sleep polysomnography, or mean sleep latency of 8 minutes or less and a minimum of two sleep-onset REM periods demonstrated on multiple sleep latency test
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Duration: -
Onset: Exposure and adverse reaction to antipsychotic medication or other neuroleptic drugs
Symptoms: Life-threatening high fever, temperature dysregulation, sweaty, volatile blood pressure, muscle rigidity, stupor, excessive saliva, tremor, ainesia, dystonia, altered mental status, paranoia, and autonomic dysfunction
Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism
Duration: -
Onset: After starting or increasing the amount of a neuroleptic agent, or reduction of an agent designed to target extrapyramidal symptoms
Symptoms: Akinesia, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, and/or tremor
Nightmare Disorder
Symptoms: Repeated awakenings from major sleep period with detailed recall of extremely frightening dreams usually involving threats to survival, security, or self-esteem. Person experiences rapid orientation/alertness when awakened.
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Episodes of partial awakening from sleep, usually the initial 1/3 of the primary sleep episode, with one of the following:
- Sleepwalking
- Sleep terrors
No detailed dream is recalled, and there is amnesia regarding the episode.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Symptoms: Individual experiences either obsessions or compulsions.
Obsessions are recurrent thoughts/impulses, not excessive worries, attempts to suppress/ignore/neutralize, recognition that they are product of their own mind.
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors in response to obsession; behaviors are not realistically connected to neutralizing the obsession.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
uration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating feelings of doubt, extreme conscientiousness, preoccupation and fanatical attention to detail, rigidity, demandingness, and perfectionism, present across multiple life areas beginning early in adulthood. At least 4 of these are present:
- Loses the point of why they are doing something because of their rigid focus on how to do it
- Cannot complete an activity because of the perfectionism surrounding what they require of themselves
- Works to the exclusion of social outlets (e.g. relationships, hobbies, family), unless demanded by ecologically sound reasons
- Inconsistent with their own spiritual beliefs or cultural values, the individual hold to a strict, inflexible moral or ethical code
- Keeps objects that have no monetary, sentimental, or other value or purpose because they cannot discard them
- Struggles to delegate or to team work unless the other party agrees to uphold his or her standards and desired ways of doing something
- Hoards finances in the event of a future disaster, refusing to spend a penny more than required on self or others
- Is rigid and inflexible
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Disturbed sleep characterized by either:
- Polysomnography demonstrating a minimum of 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas each hour accompanied by either nighttime breathing disturbance (gasping, snoring), or daytime fatigue and sleepiness for otherwise unexplained reasons, OR
- Polysomnography of 15 or greater obstructive apneas or hypopneas each hour during sleep whether additional symptoms are present or not
Opioid Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: After recent use of an opioid
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to opioid use. As a result of opioid use, pupillary constriction or dilation and at least one of the following:
- Drowsiness or coma
- Slurred speech
- Impairment in attention or memory.
Opioid Withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: After cessation or reduction of opioid use that has been heavy or prolonged; or following administration of an opioid antagonist
Symptoms: Following either stopping or reducing opioid use following heavy or prolonged use, or following the administration of an opioid antagonist, at least three of the following occur within several minutes to several days:
- Dysphoric mood
- Vomiting
- Muscle aches
- Lacrimation or rhinorrhea
- Piloerection, - Pupillary dilation, or sweating
- Diarrhea
- Yawning
- Fever
- Insomnia
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Loses temper, argues with people in authority (if a child or adolescent, the individual argues with adults), refuses to obey, deliberately annoys others, blames others, often angry, often spiteful
Panic Attack
Duration: Peaks within 10 minutes
Onset: -
Symptoms: Intense fear or discomfort with 4 of the following:
- Increased or pounding heartbeat
- Sweating
- Trembling/shaking
- Shortness of breath/smothering
- Choking
- Chest pain/discomfort
- Nausea/ sick stomach
- Dizziness/fainting
- Derealization or depersonalization
- Losing control/feeling crazy
- Feeling like one is dying
- Numbness/tingling
- Chills/hot flashes
*Note that this is not a codable disorder but is an indicator for other anxiety disorders.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating suspicion and distrust of others beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present:
- Believes others are out to harm or take advantage of him without basis
- Preoccupation with doubts of other’s loyalty or ability to trust friends and those around him
- Reticent to trust others, believing information will be used against him
- Reads threatening or humiliating messages into statements or events
- Holds grudges
- Believes character or reputation is under attack when no evidence is apparent to those around him
- Ongoing suspicions spouse/significant other is engaging in sexual impropriety with another
Pedophilic Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: Minimum age 16 and a minimum of 5 years senior to the targeted child/children
Symptoms: Engages in persistent, intense fantasies, desires or physical manifestations that cause sexual arousal and involve sexual behavior with a child who has not yet reached puberty. Has acted out on the desire or fantasy in a physical way. *Note that an exclusion exists for individuals in late adolescence who are involved in an ongoing relationship with a child who is at puberty (age 12 or 13).
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Duration: 1 year
Onset: Before age 18
Symptoms: Single or many motor or vocal tics that impair functioning, but there are not BOTH motor and vocal tics
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Duration: 2 years, with symptoms continuous; in children, 1 year
Onset: -
Symptoms: Depressed mood and at least 2 of the following:
- Decreased appetite or overeating
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Fatigue/low energy
- Low self-worth
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Hopelessness
The individual is never without symptoms for more than 2 months. Major Depressive Disorder criteria may be present for the 2 years. The individual has never experienced a manic or hypomanic episode.
Phencyclidine Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Within an hour of use of phencyclidine (more rapidly if smoked, taken intravenously, or sniffed/snorted)
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to phencyclidine use and the development of at least two of the following symptoms within an hour of use:
- Hypertension or tachycardia
- Horizontal or vertical nystagmus
- Numbness
- Ataxia
- Dysarthria
- Muscle rigidity
- Seizures or comas
- Hyper-sensitivity to sound
Pica
Duration: 1 month
Onset: -
Symptoms: Eating substances not culturally sanctioned or nutritional
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Duration: More than 1 month
Onset: Follows a traumatic event that involved actual or threat of death/serious injury to self or others
Symptoms:
- At least one element of intrusive symptoms (ex. dreams, flashbacks, anxiety at exposure to cues, numbing of responsiveness, dissociative reactions)
- At least one element of avoidance symptom required
- At least two elements of negative alterations related to mood and cognitions (ex. difficulty recalling elements of the traumatic event, negative beliefs about self or the world, misplaced blame, anhedonia, isolating/detaching from others emotionally or physically)
- At least two changes in level of arousal or reactivity (ex. irritability/aggression, recklessness, hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, startle response, insomnia)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for Children 6 and Younger
Duration: More than 1 month
Onset: Follows a traumatic event that involved actual or threat of death/serious injury to self or others. This EXCLUDES events observed through electronic media of all forms and photos.
Symptoms: Response to trauma involved intense fear, helplessness, horror as evidenced by:
- At least one element of intrusive symptoms (ex. bad dreams, flashbacks, anxiety at exposure to cues, numbing of responsiveness, etc.; the child may not appear distressed per se, but rather the distressing content may be expressed through play or play re-enactment)
- At least one element related to the traumatic event (ex. avoidance of trauma-associated cues or elements of trauma, reduced participation in meaningful activities, isolating/detaching from others emotionally or physically, reduced positive emotional expression)
- At least two of these: irritability/aggression (to include severe temper tantrums), hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, startle response, restlessness or difficulty sleeping
Premature (Early) Ejaculation
Duration: At least 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Ongoing pattern of experiencing orgasm shortly after engaging in intercourse, ejaculating prior to when the individual and partner desires. Ejaculation may occur prior to penetration or shortly thereafter, within one minute.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Duration: 12 months
Onset: Anytime after menarche
Symptoms: Mood and behavioral symptoms appearing in the week prior to menses, resolving within a few days of onset, with lack of symptom impairment during the intervening weeks. Lability, mood issues, and anxiety, accompanied by behavioral changes that mirror other anxiety and depressive disorders. Not an exacerbation of another anxiety or depressive disorder.
Prolonged Grief Disorder
uration: nearly every day for at least 1 month
Onset: Loss of a loved one occurred at least 1 year ago (for adults) or at least 6 months ago (for children & adolescents)
Symptoms: 3 or more of these:
- Identity disruption
- Marked sense of disbelief about the death
- Avoidance of reminders that the person is dead
- Intense emotional pain
- Difficulty reintegrating into one’s relationships and activities after the death
- Emotional numbness
- Feeling that life is meaningless as a result of the death
- Intense loneliness as a result of the death
Provisional Tic Disorder
uration: Less than one year
Onset: Before age 18
Symptoms: One or many motor and/or vocal tics are present that impair functioning
Individual has never met criteria for Tourette’s or for Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Pyromania
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Deliberate, purposeful fire setting more than once. Fascination with fire. Tension before act; pleasure/relief after/during act.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Physical activity or verbalizations during REM sleep. Orientation upon waking is common.
A formal sleep study must establish a lack of muscle paralysis.
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Onset: Before age 5 (developmental age has reached at least 9 months)
Symptoms: Inappropriate social interactions caused by persistent disregard of child’s emotional and/or physical needs, or repeated changes in caregiver. Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder have not been met.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Duration: Symptoms must appear in the legs a minimum of three times during each week for a minimum of three consecutive months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Extreme discomfort in the legs during inactivity, most commonly in the evenings described as pain, gnawing, itchy, crawly, throbbing or burning. Tends to worsen with age.
Rumination Disorder
Duration: 1 month
Onset: Infant or child, after period of normal functioning
Symptoms: Repeated regurgitation and re-chewing of food not exclusively present during active phases of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, or Binge-Eating Disorders
Schizoaffective Disorder
Duration: The presence of both of the following during the course of the illness:
- 2 weeks of psychotic symptoms without the presence of a major mood episode
- A major mood episode concurrent with active phase symptoms of Schizophrenia
Onset: -
Symptoms: Major depressive episode or manic episode present for the majority of active and residual Criterion A of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenic symptoms for at least 2 weeks absent a mood episode. Symptoms not better attributed to a substance or medication or another physical/mental illness.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating detachment from others and limited or restricted affect in social settings beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present:
- Does not want or prefer close interpersonal relationships, inclusive of familial ones
- Selects solitary activities almost exclusively
- Has minimal or no interest in sexual activity with another
- Has pleasure from few or no activities
- Outside of immediate family members, has no close friends or individuals in whom he will confide
- Is indifferent when either criticized or praised by another
- Demonstrates emotional detachment or flattened affect
Schizophrenia
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: 2 or more symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms (i.e. avolition, monosyllabic speech, lack of motivation, flat affect)
Schizophreniform Disorder
Duration: 1-6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Same as Schizophrenia but with different duration. May not include impaired social functioning.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Duration: -
Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating interpersonal deficits and social awkwardness associated with extreme discomfort, limited capacity for close relationships, eccentric behavior or distorted thoughts beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present:
- Ideas of reference (not delusions of reference)
- Odd beliefs that have influence over behavior, inconsistent with cultural norms; magical thinking
- Unusual perceptual experiences, which may include bodily illusions
- Odd cognitions and speech
- Suspicions or paranoid ideations
- Constricted or affect not appropriate to context
- Eccentric, odd. or peculiar appearance or behavior
- Outside of first-degree relatives there are no close friends or confidants
- Paranoid fears fuel social anxiety, not diminishing over time or with familiarity
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: After recent use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic with at least one of the following presents after the use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic:
- Slurred speech
- Incoordination
- Unsteady gait
- Nystagmus
- Impairment of attention or memory
- Stupor or coma
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: After stopping or sharply reducing heavy and/or prolonged use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic
Symptoms: At least two of the following develop after stopping or sharply reducing use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic
- Autonomic hyperactivity
- Increased hand tremor
- Insomnia
- Vomiting
- Transient hallucinations
- Psychomotor agitation
- Anxiety
- Grand mal seizures
Selective Mutism
Duration: 1 month (exclusive of the first 30 days of school)
Onset: -
Symptoms: Mute in specific situations. Speaks in ordinary situations. Not due to unfamiliarity of language.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Duration: 4 weeks or more in children or adolescents; at least 6 months in adults
Onset: -
Symptoms include: - Refusal to go to school or refusal to leave home without proximity to a major attachment figure
- Difficulty sleeping alone
- Nightmares concerning separation from major attachment figure
- Refuses separation from major attachment figure
- Persistent worry about tragic event occurring when away from a significant attachment figure, such as kidnapping, disaster, or accident
- Somatic symptoms when separated from major attachment figure
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Ongoing fantasy, desire, and behavior associated with being hit, beaten, belittled, bound, blindfolded, spanked, humiliated or otherwise made to endure some form or physical, mental, or emotional pain for the purpose of sexual gratification
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Ongoing fantasy, desire, and behaviors associated with deriving intense sexual pleasure and excitement from the physical, mental, or emotional suffering of another individual. Individual experiences functional impairment in at least one significant life area, or has acted out on their fantasies, desires, or behaviors with an individual who did not consent to engage in the fantasy play.
Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Decreased respirations associated with elevated carbon dioxide levels, as evidenced by polysomnography
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Early developmental period, though may not be fully evident until social demands exceed abilities (typically by age 5)
Symptoms: Restricted in effective and efficient capacity to communicate due to deficits in assessing the social context
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Duration: 6 months or more
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent fear of social or performance situations. Fear of being humiliated or embarrassed (in children, must include peer settings). Exposure provokes anxiety, may include a panic attack (in children: crying, tantrums, freezing, shrinking from the situation). Avoidance of feared situation.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Duration: More than 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent mental energy engages thoughts and/or worry about one’s health, symptoms, and associated concerns. Disproportionately excessive amounts of time and effort are given to address symptoms or health-related issues. At least one somatic symptom is present and is distressing to the point that there is disruption in activities of daily living.
Specific Learning Disorder, with Impairment in Mathematics
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Deficits in mastering numerical concepts and calculations. Unable to commit needed facts to memory or do the necessary reasoning required to engage mathematical reasoning, verified by standardized measures or documented school performance.
Specific Learning Disorder, with Impairment in Reading
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Disorder of the central nervous system characterized by deficits in deficits in perceiving, understanding or actively engaging concepts, apparent by ineffective rate, fluency, or accuracy in word recognition and reading, and in processing or recalling the information for content.
Specific Learning Disorder, with Impairment in Written Expression
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Disorder of the central nervous system characterized by deficits in spelling, grammar, and organization of complete concepts or thought sufficient to relay information at a developmentally appropriate level in written format.
Specific Phobia
Duration: 6 months or more
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by a specific object/situation. Exposure to a feared object/situation provokes anxiety response. Avoidance, anxiety, or distress interferes with functioning.
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Typically by age 3, but not required by this time
Symptoms: Compulsive, repetitive nonfunctional motor behavior that interferes with functioning; can be with or without self-injurious behavior
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Early developmental period/by age 3
Symptoms: Repeated, obsessive, almost rhythmic movements that do not appear to serve a purpose or be adaptive to the individual’s context. Movements may or may not cause self-injury and can include rocking, head banging, hitting self, skin picking, nail biting, biting self, arm waving, face slapping
Stimulant Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Within recent use of stimulants cocaine, methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine
Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to use of stimulants. At least two of the following develop within recent use of stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine/”meth”, dextroamphetamine,”speed”):
- Tachycardia or bradycardia
- Pupillary dilation
- Change in blood pressure
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Muscular weakness, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmias or respiratory depression
- Confusion, seizures, or coma
Stimulant Withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: Stopping or reduction in use of stimulant substance (i.e. cocaine, amphetamine) that has been heavy and/or prolonged
Symptoms: Dysphoric mood with at least two of these physiological changes occurring within hours or days of stopping or reduction in use of a stimulant substance that has been heavy and/or prolonged:
- Fatigue
- Vivid, unpleasant dreams
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Increased appetite
- Psychomotor retardation or agitation
Substance Intoxication
Duration: -
Onset: Shortly after ingestion of a substance
Symptoms: Reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent usage of a substance. Cognitive, behavioral, psychological, or physiological changes occur due to use of a substance.
Substance Use Disorder
Duration: 1 year
Onset: -
Symptoms: A pattern of substance use despite substance-related difficulties, impacting a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological systems as shown by the following:
- A markedly diminished effect of same amount of substance
- Withdrawal may or may not be present, depending on the specific substance (i.e. phencyclidine and inhalants do not specify withdrawal issues)
- Series of unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control amount of substance taken/used
- Excessive amounts of time spent acquiring substance
- Substance is used despite knowledge of undesirable consequences
*Note that with severe levels of the disorder, a change in brain circuitry exists after the toxic substance has left the body. This disorder is associated with repeated relapses and cravings in the withdrawal and/or treatment processes.
Substance Withdrawal
Duration: Varies per substance
Onset: -
Symptoms: Development of a substance-specific syndrome due to the cessation or reduction of substance use that leads to significant distress impacting cognitive, behavioral, and/or physiological functioning
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Duration: About a month
Onset: Within 1 month of substance intoxication or withdrawal
Symptoms: Prominent anxiety or panic attacks
Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal
Symptoms: Elevated, euphoric, expansive or irritable mood, with or without depressed mood or anhedonia, dominating the clinical picture following substance/medication intoxication or withdrawal. The substance/medication is capable of producing the presenting symptoms. Symptoms are not better explained by a bipolar or related disorder.
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: During or shortly after substance or medication intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure
Symptoms: Depressed mood or anhedonia (diminished interest or pleasure in activities) dominates the clinical picture following exposure, intoxication or withdrawal of a substance/medication.
Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. “Major” means there is significant impairment, and “Mild” means there are modest declines.
Evidence that these symptoms are related to substance abuse.
Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. “Major” means there is significant impairment, and “Mild” means there are modest declines. Symptoms are not present solely during the course of a delirium. Symptoms persist well beyond what would be expected in the aftermath of the substance or medication involved.
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Duration: -
Onset: Develops within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal
Symptoms: Prominent hallucinations or delusions. Symptoms are not exclusively present during delirium or better explained by another psychotic disorder.
Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep disorder
Term
Duration: -
Onset: Within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal
Duration: -
Onset: Within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal
Symptoms: Disturbance in sleep
Tardive Akathisia
Duration: -
Onset: After use of neuroleptic medications
Symptoms: Trouble being still, difficulty sitting, having constant agitation, and some form of motion engaged
Symptoms remain months or even years beyond discontinuation of the medication.
Tardive Dyskinesia
Duration: -
Onset: After use of a neuroleptic medication, usually takes 3-4 months to develop symptoms, but that may vary depending on age and health
Symptoms: Involuntary facial grimacing, jaw swinging, tongue thrusting, trunk and extremity movements
Tardive Dystonia
Duration: -
Onset: After use of neuroleptic medications
Symptoms: Involuntary contraction or spasm of muscles; may include foot cramping, uncontrollable blinking, speech difficulties, backward or horizontal head posturing, and generalized impact may also occur with the entire body
Symptoms remain months or years beyond discontinuation of the medication.
Tobacco Use Disorder
Duration: 12 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Persistent pattern of tobacco use leading to distress or clinical impairment, evidenced by two or more of the following:
- Tobacco used in greater amounts and for more time than intended
- Unsuccessful efforts to stop tobacco use when a persistent desire to do so is present
- Significant time spent to get and use tobacco
- Cravings, urges or strong desires to use
- Use interferes with home, work or social roles
- Use despite ongoing or recurrent interpersonal or social problems associated with use
- Give up or reduce some activities because of tobacco use
- Use tobacco when it is physically hazardous to do so
- Using tobacco despite physiological problems caused or made worse by use
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
Tobacco Withdrawal
Duration: Use tobacco for a minimum of daily for several weeks
Onset: Within 24 hours of abruptly stopping or sharp reduction in use of tobacco
Symptoms: Within 24 hours of abruptly stopping or sharp reduction in use of tobacco at least four of the following:
- Anger, frustration and/or irritability
- Anxiousness
- Concentration Difficulties
- Appetite increased
- Restlessness
- Depressed mood
- Difficulty sleeping
Symptoms are severe enough to impair functioning.
Tourette’s Disorder
Duration: 1 year
Onset: Before age 18
Symptoms: Motor and vocal tics that impair functioning
Transvestic Disorder
Duration: 6 months
Onset: -
Symptoms: Intense, persistent desires, fantasies, or acting out with cross-dressing for the purpose of sexual excitement or arousal
Trichotillomania
Duration: -
Onset: -
Symptoms: Recurrent pulling out hair- noticeable hair loss. Tension before act, pleasure/relief during.
